6.6.1. scikits.learn.mixture.GMM

class scikits.learn.mixture.GMM(n_states=1, cvtype='diag')

Gaussian Mixture Model

Representation of a Gaussian mixture model probability distribution. This class allows for easy evaluation of, sampling from, and maximum-likelihood estimation of the parameters of a GMM distribution.

Initializes parameters such that every mixture component has zero mean and identity covariance.

Parameters :

n_states : int, optional

Number of mixture components. Defaults to 1.

cvtype : string (read-only), optional

String describing the type of covariance parameters to use. Must be one of ‘spherical’, ‘tied’, ‘diag’, ‘full’. Defaults to ‘diag’.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from scikits.learn import mixture
>>> g = mixture.GMM(n_states=2)

>>> # Generate random observations with two modes centered on 0
>>> # and 10 to use for training.
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> obs = np.concatenate((np.random.randn(100, 1),
...                       10 + np.random.randn(300, 1)))
>>> g.fit(obs)
GMM(cvtype='diag', n_states=2)
>>> g.weights
array([ 0.25,  0.75])
>>> g.means
array([[ 0.05980802],
       [ 9.94199467]])
>>> g.covars
[array([[ 1.01682662]]), array([[ 0.96080513]])]
>>> np.round(g.weights, 2)
array([ 0.25,  0.75])
>>> np.round(g.means, 2)
array([[ 0.06],
       [ 9.94]])
>>> np.round(g.covars, 2)
... 
array([[[ 1.02]],
       [[ 0.96]]])
>>> g.predict([[0], [2], [9], [10]])
array([0, 0, 1, 1])
>>> np.round(g.score([[0], [2], [9], [10]]), 2)
array([-2.32, -4.16, -1.65, -1.19])

>>> # Refit the model on new data (initial parameters remain the
>>> # same), this time with an even split between the two modes.
>>> g.fit(20 * [[0]] +  20 * [[10]])
GMM(cvtype='diag', n_states=2)
>>> np.round(g.weights, 2)
array([ 0.5,  0.5])

Attributes

cvtype	Covariance type of the model.
n_states	Number of mixture components in the model.
weights	Mixing weights for each mixture component.
means	Mean parameters for each mixture component.
covars	Return covars as a full matrix.

n_features

int

Dimensionality of the Gaussians.

Methods

decode(X)	Find most likely mixture components for each point in X.
eval(X)	Compute the log likelihood of X under the model and the posterior distribution over mixture components.
fit(X)	Estimate model parameters from X using the EM algorithm.
predict(X)	Like decode, find most likely mixtures components for each observation in X.
rvs(n=1)	Generate n samples from the model.
score(X)	Compute the log likelihood of X under the model.

__init__(n_states=1, cvtype='diag')

covars

Return covars as a full matrix.

cvtype

Covariance type of the model.

Must be one of ‘spherical’, ‘tied’, ‘diag’, ‘full’.

decode(obs)

Find most likely mixture components for each point in obs.

Parameters :

obs : array_like, shape (n, n_features)

List of n_features-dimensional data points. Each row corresponds to a single data point.

Returns :

logprobs : array_like, shape (n_samples,)

Log probability of each point in obs under the model.

components : array_like, shape (n_samples,)

Index of the most likelihod mixture components for each observation

eval(obs)

Evaluate the model on data

Compute the log probability of obs under the model and return the posterior distribution (responsibilities) of each mixture component for each element of obs.

Parameters :

obs : array_like, shape (n_samples, n_features)

List of n_features-dimensional data points. Each row corresponds to a single data point.

Returns :

logprob : array_like, shape (n_samples,)

Log probabilities of each data point in obs

posteriors: array_like, shape (n_samples, n_states) :

Posterior probabilities of each mixture component for each observation

fit(X, n_iter=10, min_covar=0.001, thresh=0.01, params='wmc', init_params='wmc')

Estimate model parameters with the expectation-maximization algorithm.

A initialization step is performed before entering the em algorithm. If you want to avoid this step, set the keyword argument init_params to the empty string ‘’. Likewise, if you would like just to do an initialization, call this method with n_iter=0.

Parameters :

X : array_like, shape (n, n_features)

List of n_features-dimensional data points. Each row corresponds to a single data point.

n_iter : int, optional

Number of EM iterations to perform.

min_covar : float, optional

Floor on the diagonal of the covariance matrix to prevent overfitting. Defaults to 1e-3.

thresh : float, optional

Convergence threshold.

params : string, optional

Controls which parameters are updated in the training process. Can contain any combination of ‘w’ for weights, ‘m’ for means, and ‘c’ for covars. Defaults to ‘wmc’.

init_params : string, optional

Controls which parameters are updated in the initialization process. Can contain any combination of ‘w’ for weights, ‘m’ for means, and ‘c’ for covars. Defaults to ‘wmc’.

means

Mean parameters for each mixture component.

n_states

Number of mixture components in the model.

predict(X)

Predict label for data.

Parameters :X : array-like, shape = [n_samples, n_features] Returns :C : array, shape = (n_samples,)

predict_proba(X)

Predict posterior probability of data under each Gaussian in the model.

Parameters :

X : array-like, shape = [n_samples, n_features]

Returns :

T : array-like, shape = (n_samples, n_states)

Returns the probability of the sample for each Gaussian (state) in the model.

rvs(n_samples=1)

Generate random samples from the model.

Parameters :

n_samples : int, optional

Number of samples to generate. Defaults to 1.

Returns :

obs : array_like, shape (n_samples, n_features)

List of samples

score(obs)

Compute the log probability under the model.

Parameters :

obs : array_like, shape (n_samples, n_features)

List of n_features-dimensional data points. Each row corresponds to a single data point.

Returns :

logprob : array_like, shape (n_samples,)

Log probabilities of each data point in obs

weights

Mixing weights for each mixture component.