"""
===================================================
Faces recognition example using eigenfaces and SVMs
===================================================

The dataset used in this example is a preprocessed excerpt of the
"Labeled Faces in the Wild", aka LFW_:

  http://vis-www.cs.umass.edu/lfw/lfw-funneled.tgz (233MB)

.. _LFW: http://vis-www.cs.umass.edu/lfw/

Expected results for the top 5 most represented people in the dataset::

                     precision    recall  f1-score   support

  Gerhard_Schroeder       0.91      0.75      0.82        28
    Donald_Rumsfeld       0.84      0.82      0.83        33
         Tony_Blair       0.65      0.82      0.73        34
       Colin_Powell       0.78      0.88      0.83        58
      George_W_Bush       0.93      0.86      0.90       129

        avg / total       0.86      0.84      0.85       282


.. image:: /images/plot_face_recognition_1.png
    :scale: 50%

.. image:: /images/plot_face_recognition_2.png
    :scale: 50%

"""
print __doc__

from time import time
import logging
import pylab as pl

from scikits.learn.cross_val import StratifiedKFold
from scikits.learn.datasets import fetch_lfw_people
from scikits.learn.grid_search import GridSearchCV
from scikits.learn.metrics import classification_report
from scikits.learn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from scikits.learn.decomposition import RandomizedPCA
from scikits.learn.svm import SVC

# Display progress logs on stdout
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s %(message)s')


################################################################################
# Download the data, if not already on disk and load it as numpy arrays

lfw_people = fetch_lfw_people(min_faces_per_person=70, resize=0.4)

# reshape the data using the traditional (n_samples, n_features) shape
faces = lfw_people.data
n_samples, h, w = faces.shape

X = faces.reshape((n_samples, h * w))
n_features = X.shape[1]

# the label to predict is the id of the person
y = lfw_people.target
target_names = lfw_people.target_names
n_classes = target_names.shape[0]

print "Total dataset size:"
print "n_samples: %d" % n_samples
print "n_features: %d" % n_features
print "n_classes: %d" % n_classes


################################################################################
# Split into a training set and a test set using a stratified k fold

# split into a training and testing set
train, test = iter(StratifiedKFold(y, k=4)).next()
X_train, X_test = X[train], X[test]
y_train, y_test = y[train], y[test]


################################################################################
# Compute a PCA (eigenfaces) on the face dataset (treated as unlabeled
# dataset): unsupervised feature extraction / dimensionality reduction
n_components = 150

print "Extracting the top %d eigenfaces from %d faces" % (
    n_components, X_train.shape[0])
t0 = time()
pca = RandomizedPCA(n_components=n_components, whiten=True).fit(X_train)
print "done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0)

eigenfaces = pca.components_.reshape((n_components, h, w))

print "Projecting the input data on the eigenfaces orthonormal basis"
t0 = time()
X_train_pca = pca.transform(X_train)
X_test_pca = pca.transform(X_test)
print "done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0)


################################################################################
# Train a SVM classification model

print "Fitting the classifier to the training set"
t0 = time()
param_grid = {
 'C': [1, 5, 10, 50, 100],
 'gamma': [0.0001, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.1],
}
clf = GridSearchCV(SVC(kernel='rbf'), param_grid,
                   fit_params={'class_weight': 'auto'})
clf = clf.fit(X_train_pca, y_train)
print "done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0)
print "Best estimator found by grid search:"
print clf.best_estimator


################################################################################
# Quantitative evaluation of the model quality on the test set

print "Predicting the people names on the testing set"
t0 = time()
y_pred = clf.predict(X_test_pca)
print "done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0)

print classification_report(y_test, y_pred, target_names=target_names)
print confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred, labels=range(n_classes))


################################################################################
# Qualitative evaluation of the predictions using matplotlib

def plot_gallery(images, titles, h, w, n_row=3, n_col=4):
    """Helper function to plot a gallery of portraits"""
    pl.figure(figsize=(1.8 * n_col, 2.4 * n_row))
    pl.subplots_adjust(bottom=0, left=.01, right=.99, top=.90, hspace=.35)
    for i in range(n_row * n_col):
        pl.subplot(n_row, n_col, i + 1)
        pl.imshow(images[i].reshape((h, w)), cmap=pl.cm.gray)
        pl.title(titles[i], size=12)
        pl.xticks(())
        pl.yticks(())

# plot the result of the prediction on a portion of the test set

def title(y_pred, y_test, target_names, i):
    pred_name = target_names[y_pred[i]].rsplit(' ', 1)[-1]
    true_name = target_names[y_test[i]].rsplit(' ', 1)[-1]
    return 'predicted: %s\ntrue:      %s' % (pred_name, true_name)

prediction_titles = [title(y_pred, y_test, target_names, i)
                     for i in range(y_pred.shape[0])]

plot_gallery(X_test, prediction_titles, h, w)

# plot the gallery of the most significative eigenfaces

eigenface_titles = ["eigenface %d" % i for i in range(eigenfaces.shape[0])]
plot_gallery(eigenfaces, eigenface_titles, h, w)

pl.show()