"""
==================================================
Plot the decision boundaries of a VotingClassifier
==================================================

Plot the decision boundaries of a `VotingClassifier` for
two features of the Iris dataset.

Plot the class probabilities of the first sample in a toy dataset
predicted by three different classifiers and averaged by the
`VotingClassifier`.

First, three examplary classifiers are initialized (`DecisionTreeClassifier`,
`KNeighborsClassifier`, and `SVC`) and used to initialize a
soft-voting `VotingClassifier` with weights `[2, 1, 2]`, which means that
the predicted probabilities of the `DecisionTreeClassifier` and `SVC`
count 5 times as much as the weights of the `KNeighborsClassifier` classifier
when the averaged probability is calculated.

"""
print(__doc__)

from itertools import product

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.ensemble import VotingClassifier

# Loading some example data
iris = datasets.load_iris()
X = iris.data[:, [0, 2]]
y = iris.target

# Training classifiers
clf1 = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=4)
clf2 = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=7)
clf3 = SVC(kernel='rbf', probability=True)
eclf = VotingClassifier(estimators=[('dt', clf1), ('knn', clf2),
                                    ('svc', clf3)],
                        voting='soft', weights=[2, 1, 2])

clf1.fit(X, y)
clf2.fit(X, y)
clf3.fit(X, y)
eclf.fit(X, y)

# Plotting decision regions
x_min, x_max = X[:, 0].min() - 1, X[:, 0].max() + 1
y_min, y_max = X[:, 1].min() - 1, X[:, 1].max() + 1
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, 0.1),
                     np.arange(y_min, y_max, 0.1))

f, axarr = plt.subplots(2, 2, sharex='col', sharey='row', figsize=(10, 8))

for idx, clf, tt in zip(product([0, 1], [0, 1]),
                        [clf1, clf2, clf3, eclf],
                        ['Decision Tree (depth=4)', 'KNN (k=7)',
                         'Kernel SVM', 'Soft Voting']):

    Z = clf.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
    Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)

    axarr[idx[0], idx[1]].contourf(xx, yy, Z, alpha=0.4)
    axarr[idx[0], idx[1]].scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=y, alpha=0.8)
    axarr[idx[0], idx[1]].set_title(tt)

plt.show()