.. currentmodule:: sklearn
.. _changes_0_17:
===============
Release history
===============
0.17
====
Changelog
---------
New features
............
- The new class :class:`ensemble.VotingClassifier` implements a
"majority rule" / "soft voting" ensemble classifier to combine
estimators for classification. By `Sebastian Raschka`_.
- The new class :class:`preprocessing.RobustScaler` provides an
alternative to :class:`preprocessing.StandardScaler` for feature-wise
centering and range normalization that is robust to outliers. By `Thomas Unterthiner`_.
- The new class :class:`preprocessing.MaxAbsScaler` provides an
alternative to :class:`preprocessing.MinMaxScaler` for feature-wise
range normalization when the data is already centered or sparse.
By `Thomas Unterthiner`_.
Enhancements
............
- :class:`naive_bayes.GaussianNB` now supports fitting with ``sample_weights``.
By `Jan Hendrik Metzen`_.
- :class:`dummy.DummyClassifier` now supports a prior fitting strategy.
By `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Added a ``fit_predict`` method for :class:`mixture.GMM` and subclasses.
By `Cory Lorenz`_.
- Added the :func:`metrics.label_ranking_loss` metrics.
By `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Added a ``warm_start`` constructor parameter to the bagging ensemble
models to increase the size of the ensemble. By
`Tim Head`_.
- Added option to use multi-output regression metrics without averaging.
By Konstantin Shmelkov and `Michael Eickenberg`_.
- Added ``stratify`` option to :func:`cross_validation.train_test_split`
for stratified splitting. By Miroslav Batchkarov.
- The :func:`tree.export_graphviz` function now supports aesthetic
improvements for :class:`tree.DecisionTreeClassifier` and
:class:`tree.DecisionTreeRegressor`, including options for coloring nodes
by their majority class or impurity, showing variable names, and using
node proportions instead of raw sample counts. By `Trevor Stephens`_.
- Improved speed of ``newton-cg`` solver in
:class:`linear_model.LogisticRegression`, by avoiding loss computation.
By `Mathieu Blondel`_ and `Tom Dupre la Tour`_.
- The ``class_weight="auto"`` heuristic in classifiers supporting
``class_weight`` was deprecated and replaced by the ``class_weight="balanced"``
option, which has a simpler forumlar and interpretation.
By Hanna Wallach and `Andreas Müller`_.
- Added backlinks from the API reference pages to the user guide. By
`Andreas Müller`_.
- The ``labels`` parameter to :func:`sklearn.metrics.f1_score`,
:func:`sklearn.metrics.fbeta_score`,
:func:`sklearn.metrics.recall_score` and
:func:`sklearn.metrics.precision_score` has been extended.
It is now possible to ignore one or more labels, such as where
a multiclass problem has a majority class to ignore. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- Add ``sample_weight`` support to :class:`linear_model.RidgeClassifier`.
By `Trevor Stephens`_.
- Provide an option for sparse output from
:func:`sklearn.metrics.pairwise.cosine_similarity`. By `Jaidev Deshpande`_.
Bug fixes
.........
- Fixed non-determinism in :class:`dummy.DummyClassifier` with sparse
multi-label output. By `Andreas Müller`_.
- Fixed the output shape of :class:`linear_model.RANSACRegressor` to
``(n_samples, )``. By `Andreas Müller`_.
- Fixed bug in :class:`decomposition.DictLearning` when ``n_jobs < 0``. By
`Andreas Müller`_.
- Fixed bug where :class:`grid_search.RandomizedSearchCV` could consume a
lot of memory for large discrete grids. By `Joel Nothman`_.
API changes summary
-------------------
- :class:`tree.DecisionTreeClassifier` now exposes an ``apply`` method
for retrieving the leaf indices samples are predicted as. By
`Daniel Galvez`_ and `Gilles Louppe`_.
- :class:`svm.SVC`` and :class:`svm.NuSVC` now have an ``decision_function_shape``
parameter to make their decision function of shape ``(n_samples, n_classes)``
by setting ``decision_function_shape='ovr'``. This will be the default behavior
starting in 0.19. By `Andreas Müller`_.
.. _changes_0_1_16:
0.16.1
=======
Changelog
---------
Bug fixes
.........
- Allow input data larger than ``block_size`` in
:class:`covariance.LedoitWolf` by `Andreas Müller`_.
- Fix a bug in :class:`isotonic.IsotonicRegression` deduplication that
caused unstable result in :class:`calibration.CalibratedClassifierCV` by
`Jan Hendrik Metzen`_.
- Fix sorting of labels in func:`preprocessing.label_binarize` by Michael Heilman.
- Fix several stability and convergence issues in
:class:`cross_decomposition.CCA` and
:class:`cross_decomposition.PLSCanonical` by `Andreas Müller`_
- Fix a bug in :class:`cluster.KMeans` when ``precompute_distances=False``
on fortran-ordered data.
- Fix a speed regression in :class:`ensemble.RandomForestClassifier`'s ``predict``
and ``predict_proba`` by `Andreas Müller`_.
- Fix a regression where ``utils.shuffle`` converted lists and dataframes to arrays, by `Olivier Grisel`_
.. _changes_0_16:
0.16
====
Highlights
-----------
- Speed improvements (notably in :class:`cluster.DBSCAN`), reduced memory
requirements, bug-fixes and better default settings.
- Multinomial Logistic regression and a path algorithm in
:class:`linear_model.LogisticRegressionCV`.
- Out-of core learning of PCA via :class:`decomposition.IncrementalPCA`.
- Probability callibration of classifiers using
:class:`calibration.CalibratedClassifierCV`.
- :class:`cluster.Birch` clustering method for large-scale datasets.
- Scalable approximate nearest neighbors search with Locality-sensitive
hashing forests in :class:`neighbors.LSHForest`.
- Improved error messages and better validation when using malformed input data.
- More robust integration with pandas dataframes.
Changelog
---------
New features
............
- The new :class:`neighbors.LSHForest` implements locality-sensitive hashing
for approximate nearest neighbors search. By `Maheshakya Wijewardena`_.
- Added :class:`svm.LinearSVR`. This class uses the liblinear implementation
of Support Vector Regression which is much faster for large
sample sizes than :class:`svm.SVR` with linear kernel. By
`Fabian Pedregosa`_ and Qiang Luo.
- Incremental fit for :class:`GaussianNB <naive_bayes.GaussianNB>`.
- Added ``sample_weight`` support to :class:`dummy.DummyClassifier` and
:class:`dummy.DummyRegressor`. By `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Added the :func:`metrics.label_ranking_average_precision_score` metrics.
By `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Add the :func:`metrics.coverage_error` metrics. By `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Added :class:`linear_model.LogisticRegressionCV`. By
`Manoj Kumar`_, `Fabian Pedregosa`_, `Gael Varoquaux`_
and `Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- Added ``warm_start`` constructor parameter to make it possible for any
trained forest model to grow additional trees incrementally. By
`Laurent Direr`_.
- Added ``sample_weight`` support to :class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier` and
:class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor`. By `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- Added :class:`decomposition.IncrementalPCA`, an implementation of the PCA
algorithm that supports out-of-core learning with a ``partial_fit``
method. By `Kyle Kastner`_.
- Averaged SGD for :class:`SGDClassifier <linear_model.SGDClassifier>`
and :class:`SGDRegressor <linear_model.SGDRegressor>` By
`Danny Sullivan`_.
- Added :func:`cross_val_predict <cross_validation.cross_val_predict>`
function which computes cross-validated estimates. By `Luis Pedro Coelho`_
- Added :class:`linear_model.TheilSenRegressor`, a robust
generalized-median-based estimator. By `Florian Wilhelm`_.
- Added :func:`metrics.median_absolute_error`, a robust metric.
By `Gael Varoquaux`_ and `Florian Wilhelm`_.
- Add :class:`cluster.Birch`, an online clustering algorithm. By
`Manoj Kumar`_, `Alexandre Gramfort`_ and `Joel Nothman`_.
- Added shrinkage support to :class:`lda.LDA` using two new solvers. By
`Clemens Brunner`_ and `Martin Billinger`_.
- Added :class:`kernel_ridge.KernelRidge`, an implementation of
kernelized ridge regression.
By `Mathieu Blondel`_ and `Jan Hendrik Metzen`_.
- All solvers in :class:`linear_model.Ridge` now support `sample_weight`.
By `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Added :class:`cross_validation.PredefinedSplit` cross-validation
for fixed user-provided cross-validation folds.
By `Thomas Unterthiner`_.
- Added :class:`calibration.CalibratedClassifierCV`, an approach for
calibrating the predicted probabilities of a classifier.
By `Alexandre Gramfort`_, `Jan Hendrik Metzen`_, `Mathieu Blondel`_
and `Balazs Kegl`_.
Enhancements
............
- Add option ``return_distance`` in :func:`hierarchical.ward_tree`
to return distances between nodes for both structured and unstructured
versions of the algorithm. By `Matteo Visconti di Oleggio Castello`_.
The same option was added in :func:`hierarchical.linkage_tree`.
By `Manoj Kumar`_
- Add support for sample weights in scorer objects. Metrics with sample
weight support will automatically benefit from it. By `Noel Dawe`_ and
`Vlad Niculae`_.
- Added ``newton-cg`` and `lbfgs` solver support in
:class:`linear_model.LogisticRegression`. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Add ``selection="random"`` parameter to implement stochastic coordinate
descent for :class:`linear_model.Lasso`, :class:`linear_model.ElasticNet`
and related. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Add ``sample_weight`` parameter to
:func:`metrics.jaccard_similarity_score` and :func:`metrics.log_loss`.
By `Jatin Shah`_.
- Support sparse multilabel indicator representation in
:class:`preprocessing.LabelBinarizer` and
:class:`multiclass.OneVsRestClassifier` (by `Hamzeh Alsalhi`_ with thanks
to Rohit Sivaprasad), as well as evaluation metrics (by
`Joel Nothman`_).
- Add ``sample_weight`` parameter to `metrics.jaccard_similarity_score`.
By `Jatin Shah`.
- Add support for multiclass in `metrics.hinge_loss`. Added ``labels=None``
as optional paramter. By `Saurabh Jha`.
- Add ``sample_weight`` parameter to `metrics.hinge_loss`.
By `Saurabh Jha`.
- Add ``multi_class="multinomial"`` option in
:class:`linear_model.LogisticRegression` to implement a Logistic
Regression solver that minimizes the cross-entropy or multinomial loss
instead of the default One-vs-Rest setting. Supports `lbfgs` and
`newton-cg` solvers. By `Lars Buitinck`_ and `Manoj Kumar`_. Solver option
`newton-cg` by Simon Wu.
- ``DictVectorizer`` can now perform ``fit_transform`` on an iterable in a
single pass, when giving the option ``sort=False``. By `Dan Blanchard`_.
- :class:`GridSearchCV` and :class:`RandomizedSearchCV` can now be
configured to work with estimators that may fail and raise errors on
individual folds. This option is controlled by the `error_score`
parameter. This does not affect errors raised on re-fit. By
`Michal Romaniuk`_.
- Add ``digits`` parameter to `metrics.classification_report` to allow
report to show different precision of floating point numbers. By
`Ian Gilmore`_.
- Add a quantile prediction strategy to the :class:`dummy.DummyRegressor`.
By `Aaron Staple`_.
- Add ``handle_unknown`` option to :class:`preprocessing.OneHotEncoder` to
handle unknown categorical features more gracefully during transform.
By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Added support for sparse input data to decision trees and their ensembles.
By `Fares Hedyati`_ and `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Optimized :class:`cluster.AffinityPropagation` by reducing the number of
memory allocations of large temporary data-structures. By `Antony Lee`_.
- Parellization of the computation of feature importances in random forest.
By `Olivier Grisel`_ and `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Add ``n_iter_`` attribute to estimators that accept a ``max_iter`` attribute
in their constructor. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Added decision function for :class:`multiclass.OneVsOneClassifier`
By `Raghav R V`_ and `Kyle Beauchamp`_.
- :func:`neighbors.kneighbors_graph` and :func:`radius_neighbors_graph`
support non-Euclidean metrics. By `Manoj Kumar`_
- Parameter ``connectivity`` in :class:`cluster.AgglomerativeClustering`
and family now accept callables that return a connectivity matrix.
By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Sparse support for :func:`paired_distances`. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- :class:`cluster.DBSCAN` now supports sparse input and sample weights and
has been optimized: the inner loop has been rewritten in Cython and
radius neighbors queries are now computed in batch. By `Joel Nothman`_
and `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Add ``class_weight`` parameter to automatically weight samples by class
frequency for :class:`ensemble.RandomForestClassifier`,
:class:`tree.DecisionTreeClassifier`, :class:`ensemble.ExtraTreesClassifier`
and :class:`tree.ExtraTreeClassifier`. By `Trevor Stephens`_.
- :class:`grid_search.RandomizedSearchCV` now does sampling without
replacement if all parameters are given as lists. By `Andreas Müller`_.
- Parallelized calculation of :func:`pairwise_distances` is now supported
for scipy metrics and custom callables. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- Allow the fitting and scoring of all clustering algorithms in
:class:`pipeline.Pipeline`. By `Andreas Müller`_.
- More robust seeding and improved error messages in :class:`cluster.MeanShift`
by `Andreas Müller`_.
- Make the stopping criterion for :class:`mixture.GMM`,
:class:`mixture.DPGMM` and :class:`mixture.VBGMM` less dependent on the
number of samples by thresholding the average log-likelihood change
instead of its sum over all samples. By `Hervé Bredin`_.
- The outcome of :func:`manifold.spectral_embedding` was made deterministic
by flipping the sign of eigen vectors. By `Hasil Sharma`_.
- Significant performance and memory usage improvements in
:class:`preprocessing.PolynomialFeatures`. By `Eric Martin`_.
- Numerical stability improvements for :class:`preprocessing.StandardScaler`
and :func:`preprocessing.scale`. By `Nicolas Goix`_
- :class:`svm.SVC` fitted on sparse input now implements ``decision_function``.
By `Rob Zinkov`_ and `Andreas Müller`_.
Documentation improvements
..........................
- Added example of using :class:`FeatureUnion` for heterogeneous input.
By `Matt Terry`_
- Documentation on scorers was improved, to highlight the handling of loss
functions. By `Matt Pico`_.
- A discrepancy between liblinear output and scikit-learn's wrappers
is now noted. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Improved documentation generation: examples referring to a class or
function are now shown in a gallery on the class/function's API reference
page. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- More explicit documentation of sample generators and of data
transformation. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- :class:`sklearn.neighbors.BallTree` and :class:`sklearn.neighbors.KDTree`
used to point to empty pages stating that they are aliases of BinaryTree.
This has been fixed to show the correct class docs. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Added silhouette plots for analysis of KMeans clustering using
:func:`metrics.silhouette_samples` and :func:`metrics.silhouette_score`.
See :ref:`example_cluster_plot_kmeans_silhouette_analysis.py`
Bug fixes
.........
- Metaestimators now support ducktyping for the presence of ``decision_function``,
``predict_proba`` and other methods. This fixes behavior of
:class:`grid_search.GridSearchCV`,
:class:`grid_search.RandomizedSearchCV`, :class:`pipeline.Pipeline`,
:class:`feature_selection.RFE`, :class:`feature_selection.RFECV` when nested.
By `Joel Nothman`_
- The ``scoring`` attribute of grid-search and cross-validation methods is no longer
ignored when a :class:`grid_search.GridSearchCV` is given as a base estimator or
the base estimator doesn't have predict.
- The function :func:`hierarchical.ward_tree` now returns the children in
the same order for both the structured and unstructured versions. By
`Matteo Visconti di Oleggio Castello`_.
- :class:`feature_selection.RFECV` now correctly handles cases when
``step`` is not equal to 1. By `Nikolay Mayorov`_
- The :class:`decomposition.PCA` now undoes whitening in its
``inverse_transform``. Also, its ``components_`` now always have unit
length. By `Michael Eickenberg`_.
- Fix incomplete download of the dataset when
:func:`datasets.download_20newsgroups` is called. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Various fixes to the Gaussian processes subpackage by Vincent Dubourg
and Jan Hendrik Metzen.
- Calling ``partial_fit`` with ``class_weight=='auto'`` throws an
appropriate error message and suggests a work around.
By `Danny Sullivan`_.
- :class:`RBFSampler <kernel_approximation.RBFSampler>` with ``gamma=g``
formerly approximated :func:`rbf_kernel <metrics.pairwise.rbf_kernel>`
with ``gamma=g/2.``; the definition of ``gamma`` is now consistent,
which may substantially change your results if you use a fixed value.
(If you cross-validated over ``gamma``, it probably doesn't matter
too much.) By `Dougal Sutherland`_.
- Pipeline object delegate the ``classes_`` attribute to the underlying
estimator. It allows for instance to make bagging of a pipeline object.
By `Arnaud Joly`_
- :class:`neighbors.NearestCentroid` now uses the median as the centroid
when metric is set to ``manhattan``. It was using the mean before.
By `Manoj Kumar`_
- Fix numerical stability issues in :class:`linear_model.SGDClassifier`
and :class:`linear_model.SGDRegressor` by clipping large gradients and
ensuring that weight decay rescaling is always positive (for large
l2 regularization and large learning rate values).
By `Olivier Grisel`_
- When `compute_full_tree` is set to "auto", the full tree is
built when n_clusters is high and is early stopped when n_clusters is
low, while the behavior should be vice-versa in
:class:`cluster.AgglomerativeClustering` (and friends).
This has been fixed By `Manoj Kumar`_
- Fix lazy centering of data in :func:`linear_model.enet_path` and
:func:`linear_model.lasso_path`. It was centered around one. It has
been changed to be centered around the origin. By `Manoj Kumar`_
- Fix handling of precomputed affinity matrices in
:class:`cluster.AgglomerativeClustering` when using connectivity
constraints. By `Cathy Deng`_
- Correct ``partial_fit`` handling of ``class_prior`` for
:class:`sklearn.naive_bayes.MultinomialNB` and
:class:`sklearn.naive_bayes.BernoulliNB`. By `Trevor Stephens`_.
- Fixed a crash in :func:`metrics.precision_recall_fscore_support`
when using unsorted ``labels`` in the multi-label setting.
By `Andreas Müller`_.
- Avoid skipping the first nearest neighbor in the methods ``radius_neighbors``,
``kneighbors``, ``kneighbors_graph`` and ``radius_neighbors_graph`` in
:class:`sklearn.neighbors.NearestNeighbors` and family, when the query
data is not the same as fit data. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Fix log-density calculation in the :class:`mixture.GMM` with
tied covariance. By `Will Dawson`_
- Fixed a scaling error in :class:`feature_selection.SelectFdr`
where a factor ``n_features`` was missing. By `Andrew Tulloch`_
- Fix zero division in :class:`neighbors.KNeighborsRegressor` and related
classes when using distance weighting and having identical data points.
By `Garret-R <https://github.com/Garrett-R>`_.
- Fixed round off errors with non positive-definite covariance matrices
in GMM. By `Alexis Mignon`_.
- Fixed a error in the computation of conditional probabilities in
:class:`naive_bayes.BernoulliNB`. By Hanna Wallach.
- Make the method ``radius_neighbors`` of
:class:`neighbors.NearestNeighbors` return the samples lying on the
boundary for ``algorithm='brute'``. By `Yan Yi`_.
- Flip sign of ``dual_coef_`` of :class:`svm.SVC`
to make it consistent with the documentation and
``decision_function``. By Artem Sobolev.
- Fixed handling of ties in :class:`isotonic.IsotonicRegression`.
We now use the weighted average of targets (secondary method). By
`Andreas Müller`_ and `Michael Bommarito <http://bommaritollc.com/>`_.
API changes summary
-------------------
- :class:`GridSearchCV <grid_search.GridSearchCV>` and
:func:`cross_val_score <cross_validation.cross_val_score>` and other
meta-estimators don't convert pandas DataFrames into arrays any more,
allowing DataFrame specific operations in custom estimators.
- :func:`multiclass.fit_ovr`, :func:`multiclass.predict_ovr`,
:func:`predict_proba_ovr`,
:func:`multiclass.fit_ovo`, :func:`multiclass.predict_ovo`,
:func:`multiclass.fit_ecoc` and :func:`multiclass.predict_ecoc`
are deprecated. Use the underlying estimators instead.
- Nearest neighbors estimators used to take arbitrary keyword arguments
and pass these to their distance metric. This will no longer be supported
in scikit-learn 0.18; use the ``metric_params`` argument instead.
- `n_jobs` parameter of the fit method shifted to the constructor of the
LinearRegression class.
- The ``predict_proba`` method of :class:`multiclass.OneVsRestClassifier`
now returns two probabilities per sample in the multiclass case; this
is consistent with other estimators and with the method's documentation,
but previous versions accidentally returned only the positive
probability. Fixed by Will Lamond and `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Change default value of precompute in :class:`ElasticNet` and :class:`Lasso`
to False. Setting precompute to "auto" was found to be slower when
n_samples > n_features since the computation of the Gram matrix is
computationally expensive and outweighs the benefit of fitting the Gram
for just one alpha.
``precompute="auto"`` is now deprecated and will be removed in 0.18
By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Expose ``positive`` option in :func:`linear_model.enet_path` and
:func:`linear_model.enet_path` which constrains coefficients to be
positive. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Users should now supply an explicit ``average`` parameter to
:func:`sklearn.metrics.f1_score`, :func:`sklearn.metrics.fbeta_score`,
:func:`sklearn.metrics.recall_score` and
:func:`sklearn.metrics.precision_score` when performing multiclass
or multilabel (i.e. not binary) classification. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- `scoring` parameter for cross validation now accepts `'f1_micro'`,
`'f1_macro'` or `'f1_weighted'`. `'f1'` is now for binary classification
only. Similar changes apply to `'precision'` and `'recall'`.
By `Joel Nothman`_.
- The ``fit_intercept``, ``normalize`` and ``return_models`` parameters in
:func:`linear_model.enet_path` and :func:`linear_model.lasso_path` have
been removed. They were deprecated since 0.14
- From now onwards, all estimators will uniformly raise ``NotFittedError``
(:class:`utils.validation.NotFittedError`), when any of the ``predict``
like methods are called before the model is fit. By `Raghav R V`_.
- Input data validation was refactored for more consistent input
validation. The ``check_arrays`` function was replaced by ``check_array``
and ``check_X_y``. By `Andreas Müller`_.
- Allow ``X=None`` in the methods ``radius_neighbors``, ``kneighbors``,
``kneighbors_graph`` and ``radius_neighbors_graph`` in
:class:`sklearn.neighbors.NearestNeighbors` and family. If set to None,
then for every sample this avoids setting the sample itself as the
first nearest neighbor. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Add parameter ``include_self`` in :func:`neighbors.kneighbors_graph`
and :func:`neighbors.radius_neighbors_graph` which has to be explicitly
set by the user. If set to True, then the sample itself is considered
as the first nearest neighbor.
- `thresh` parameter is deprecated in favor of new `tol` parameter in
:class:`GMM`, :class:`DPGMM` and :class:`VBGMM`. See `Enhancements`
section for details. By `Hervé Bredin`_.
- Estimators will treat input with dtype object as numeric when possible.
By `Andreas Müller`_
- Estimators now raise `ValueError` consistently when fitted on empty
data (less than 1 sample or less than 1 feature for 2D input).
By `Olivier Grisel`_.
- The ``shuffle`` option of :class:`.linear_model.SGDClassifier`,
:class:`linear_model.SGDRegressor`, :class:`linear_model.Perceptron`,
:class:`linear_model.PassiveAgressiveClassivier` and
:class:`linear_model.PassiveAgressiveRegressor` now defaults to ``True``.
- :class:`cluster.DBSCAN` now uses a deterministic initialization. The
`random_state` parameter is deprecated. By `Erich Schubert`_.
.. _changes_0_15_2:
0.15.2
======
Bug fixes
---------
- Fixed handling of the ``p`` parameter of the Minkowski distance that was
previously ignored in nearest neighbors models. By `Nikolay Mayorov`_.
- Fixed duplicated alphas in :class:`linear_model.LassoLars` with early
stopping on 32 bit Python. By `Olivier Grisel`_ and `Fabian Pedregosa`_.
- Fixed the build under Windows when scikit-learn is built with MSVC while
NumPy is built with MinGW. By `Olivier Grisel`_ and Federico Vaggi.
- Fixed an array index overflow bug in the coordinate descent solver. By
`Gael Varoquaux`_.
- Better handling of numpy 1.9 deprecation warnings. By `Gael Varoquaux`_.
- Removed unnecessary data copy in :class:`cluster.KMeans`.
By `Gael Varoquaux`_.
- Explicitly close open files to avoid ``ResourceWarnings`` under Python 3.
By Calvin Giles.
- The ``transform`` of :class:`lda.LDA` now projects the input on the most
discriminant directions. By Martin Billinger.
- Fixed potential overflow in ``_tree.safe_realloc`` by `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Performance optimization in :class:`isotonic.IsotonicRegression`.
By Robert Bradshaw.
- ``nose`` is non-longer a runtime dependency to import ``sklearn``, only for
running the tests. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- Many documentation and website fixes by `Joel Nothman`_, `Lars Buitinck`_
`Matt Pico`_, and others.
.. _changes_0_15_1:
0.15.1
======
Bug fixes
---------
- Made :func:`cross_validation.cross_val_score` use
:class:`cross_validation.KFold` instead of
:class:`cross_validation.StratifiedKFold` on multi-output classification
problems. By `Nikolay Mayorov`_.
- Support unseen labels :class:`preprocessing.LabelBinarizer` to restore
the default behavior of 0.14.1 for backward compatibility. By
`Hamzeh Alsalhi`_.
- Fixed the :class:`cluster.KMeans` stopping criterion that prevented early
convergence detection. By Edward Raff and `Gael Varoquaux`_.
- Fixed the behavior of :class:`multiclass.OneVsOneClassifier`.
in case of ties at the per-class vote level by computing the correct
per-class sum of prediction scores. By `Andreas Müller`_.
- Made :func:`cross_validation.cross_val_score` and
:class:`grid_search.GridSearchCV` accept Python lists as input data.
This is especially useful for cross-validation and model selection of
text processing pipelines. By `Andreas Müller`_.
- Fixed data input checks of most estimators to accept input data that
implements the NumPy ``__array__`` protocol. This is the case for
for ``pandas.Series`` and ``pandas.DataFrame`` in recent versions of
pandas. By `Gael Varoquaux`_.
- Fixed a regression for :class:`linear_model.SGDClassifier` with
``class_weight="auto"`` on data with non-contiguous labels. By
`Olivier Grisel`_.
.. _changes_0_15:
0.15
====
Highlights
-----------
- Many speed and memory improvements all across the code
- Huge speed and memory improvements to random forests (and extra
trees) that also benefit better from parallel computing.
- Incremental fit to :class:`BernoulliRBM <neural_network.BernoulliRBM>`
- Added :class:`cluster.AgglomerativeClustering` for hierarchical
agglomerative clustering with average linkage, complete linkage and
ward strategies.
- Added :class:`linear_model.RANSACRegressor` for robust regression
models.
- Added dimensionality reduction with :class:`manifold.TSNE` which can be
used to visualize high-dimensional data.
Changelog
---------
New features
............
- Added :class:`ensemble.BaggingClassifier` and
:class:`ensemble.BaggingRegressor` meta-estimators for ensembling
any kind of base estimator. See the :ref:`Bagging <bagging>` section of
the user guide for details and examples. By `Gilles Louppe`_.
- New unsupervised feature selection algorithm
:class:`feature_selection.VarianceThreshold`, by `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Added :class:`linear_model.RANSACRegressor` meta-estimator for the robust
fitting of regression models. By Johannes Schönberger.
- Added :class:`cluster.AgglomerativeClustering` for hierarchical
agglomerative clustering with average linkage, complete linkage and
ward strategies, by `Nelle Varoquaux`_ and `Gael Varoquaux`_.
- Shorthand constructors :func:`pipeline.make_pipeline` and
:func:`pipeline.make_union` were added by `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Shuffle option for :class:`cross_validation.StratifiedKFold`.
By `Jeffrey Blackburne`_.
- Incremental learning (``partial_fit``) for Gaussian Naive Bayes by
Imran Haque.
- Added ``partial_fit`` to :class:`BernoulliRBM
<neural_network.BernoulliRBM>`
By `Danny Sullivan`_.
- Added :func:`learning_curve <learning_curve.learning_curve>` utility to
chart performance with respect to training size. See
:ref:`example_model_selection_plot_learning_curve.py`. By Alexander Fabisch.
- Add positive option in :class:`LassoCV <linear_model.LassoCV>` and
:class:`ElasticNetCV <linear_model.ElasticNetCV>`.
By Brian Wignall and `Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- Added :class:`linear_model.MultiTaskElasticNetCV` and
:class:`linear_model.MultiTaskLassoCV`. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Added :class:`manifold.TSNE`. By Alexander Fabisch.
Enhancements
............
- Add sparse input support to :class:`ensemble.AdaBoostClassifier` and
:class:`ensemble.AdaBoostRegressor` meta-estimators.
By `Hamzeh Alsalhi`_.
- Memory improvements of decision trees, by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Decision trees can now be built in best-first manner by using ``max_leaf_nodes``
as the stopping criteria. Refactored the tree code to use either a
stack or a priority queue for tree building.
By `Peter Prettenhofer`_ and `Gilles Louppe`_.
- Decision trees can now be fitted on fortran- and c-style arrays, and
non-continuous arrays without the need to make a copy.
If the input array has a different dtype than ``np.float32``, a fortran-
style copy will be made since fortran-style memory layout has speed
advantages. By `Peter Prettenhofer`_ and `Gilles Louppe`_.
- Speed improvement of regression trees by optimizing the
the computation of the mean square error criterion. This lead
to speed improvement of the tree, forest and gradient boosting tree
modules. By `Arnaud Joly`_
- The ``img_to_graph`` and ``grid_tograph`` functions in
:mod:`sklearn.feature_extraction.image` now return ``np.ndarray``
instead of ``np.matrix`` when ``return_as=np.ndarray``. See the
Notes section for more information on compatibility.
- Changed the internal storage of decision trees to use a struct array.
This fixed some small bugs, while improving code and providing a small
speed gain. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- Reduce memory usage and overhead when fitting and predicting with forests
of randomized trees in parallel with ``n_jobs != 1`` by leveraging new
threading backend of joblib 0.8 and releasing the GIL in the tree fitting
Cython code. By `Olivier Grisel`_ and `Gilles Louppe`_.
- Speed improvement of the :mod:`sklearn.ensemble.gradient_boosting` module.
By `Gilles Louppe`_ and `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- Various enhancements to the :mod:`sklearn.ensemble.gradient_boosting`
module: a ``warm_start`` argument to fit additional trees,
a ``max_leaf_nodes`` argument to fit GBM style trees,
a ``monitor`` fit argument to inspect the estimator during training, and
refactoring of the verbose code. By `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- Faster :class:`sklearn.ensemble.ExtraTrees` by caching feature values.
By `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Faster depth-based tree building algorithm such as decision tree,
random forest, extra trees or gradient tree boosting (with depth based
growing strategy) by avoiding trying to split on found constant features
in the sample subset. By `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Add ``min_weight_fraction_leaf`` pre-pruning parameter to tree-based
methods: the minimum weighted fraction of the input samples required to be
at a leaf node. By `Noel Dawe`_.
- Added :func:`metrics.pairwise_distances_argmin_min`, by Philippe Gervais.
- Added predict method to :class:`cluster.AffinityPropagation` and
:class:`cluster.MeanShift`, by `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Vector and matrix multiplications have been optimised throughout the
library by `Denis Engemann`_, and `Alexandre Gramfort`_.
In particular, they should take less memory with older NumPy versions
(prior to 1.7.2).
- Precision-recall and ROC examples now use train_test_split, and have more
explanation of why these metrics are useful. By `Kyle Kastner`_
- The training algorithm for :class:`decomposition.NMF` is faster for
sparse matrices and has much lower memory complexity, meaning it will
scale up gracefully to large datasets. By `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Added svd_method option with default value to "randomized" to
:class:`decomposition.FactorAnalysis` to save memory and
significantly speedup computation by `Denis Engemann`_, and
`Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- Changed :class:`cross_validation.StratifiedKFold` to try and
preserve as much of the original ordering of samples as possible so as
not to hide overfitting on datasets with a non-negligible level of
samples dependency.
By `Daniel Nouri`_ and `Olivier Grisel`_.
- Add multi-output support to :class:`gaussian_process.GaussianProcess`
by John Novak.
- Norm computations optimized for NumPy 1.6 and later versions by
`Lars Buitinck`_. In particular, the k-means algorithm no longer
needs a temporary data structure the size of its input.
- :class:`dummy.DummyClassifier` can now be used to predict a constant
output value. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- :class:`dummy.DummyRegressor` has now a strategy parameter which allows
to predict the mean, the median of the training set or a constant
output value. By `Maheshakya Wijewardena`_.
- Multi-label classification output in multilabel indicator format
is now supported by :func:`metrics.roc_auc_score` and
:func:`metrics.average_precision_score` by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Significant performance improvements (more than 100x speedup for
large problems) in :class:`isotonic.IsotonicRegression` by
`Andrew Tulloch`_.
- Speed and memory usage improvements to the SGD algorithm for linear
models: it now uses threads, not separate processes, when ``n_jobs>1``.
By `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Grid search and cross validation allow NaNs in the input arrays so that
preprocessors such as :class:`preprocessing.Imputer
<preprocessing.Imputer>` can be trained within the cross validation loop,
avoiding potentially skewed results.
- Ridge regression can now deal with sample weights in feature space
(only sample space until then). By `Michael Eickenberg`_.
Both solutions are provided by the Cholesky solver.
- Several classification and regression metrics now support weighted
samples with the new ``sample_weight`` argument:
:func:`metrics.accuracy_score`,
:func:`metrics.zero_one_loss`,
:func:`metrics.precision_score`,
:func:`metrics.average_precision_score`,
:func:`metrics.f1_score`,
:func:`metrics.fbeta_score`,
:func:`metrics.recall_score`,
:func:`metrics.roc_auc_score`,
:func:`metrics.explained_variance_score`,
:func:`metrics.mean_squared_error`,
:func:`metrics.mean_absolute_error`,
:func:`metrics.r2_score`.
By `Noel Dawe`_.
- Speed up of the sample generator
:func:`datasets.make_multilabel_classification`. By `Joel Nothman`_.
Documentation improvements
...........................
- The :ref:`Working With Text Data <text_data_tutorial>` tutorial
has now been worked in to the main documentation's tutorial section.
Includes exercises and skeletons for tutorial presentation.
Original tutorial created by several authors including
`Olivier Grisel`_, Lars Buitinck and many others.
Tutorial integration into the scikit-learn documentation
by `Jaques Grobler`_
- Added :ref:`Computational Performance <computational_performance>`
documentation. Discussion and examples of prediction latency / throughput
and different factors that have influence over speed. Additional tips for
building faster models and choosing a relevant compromise between speed
and predictive power.
By `Eustache Diemert`_.
Bug fixes
.........
- Fixed bug in :class:`decomposition.MiniBatchDictionaryLearning` :
``partial_fit`` was not working properly.
- Fixed bug in :class:`linear_model.stochastic_gradient` :
``l1_ratio`` was used as ``(1.0 - l1_ratio)`` .
- Fixed bug in :class:`multiclass.OneVsOneClassifier` with string
labels
- Fixed a bug in :class:`LassoCV <linear_model.LassoCV>` and
:class:`ElasticNetCV <linear_model.ElasticNetCV>`: they would not
pre-compute the Gram matrix with ``precompute=True`` or
``precompute="auto"`` and ``n_samples > n_features``. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Fixed incorrect estimation of the degrees of freedom in
:func:`feature_selection.f_regression` when variates are not centered.
By `Virgile Fritsch`_.
- Fixed a race condition in parallel processing with
``pre_dispatch != "all"`` (for instance in ``cross_val_score``).
By `Olivier Grisel`_.
- Raise error in :class:`cluster.FeatureAgglomeration` and
:class:`cluster.WardAgglomeration` when no samples are given,
rather than returning meaningless clustering.
- Fixed bug in :class:`gradient_boosting.GradientBoostingRegressor` with
``loss='huber'``: ``gamma`` might have not been initialized.
- Fixed feature importances as computed with a forest of randomized trees
when fit with ``sample_weight != None`` and/or with ``bootstrap=True``.
By `Gilles Louppe`_.
API changes summary
-------------------
- :mod:`sklearn.hmm` is deprecated. Its removal is planned
for the 0.17 release.
- Use of :class:`covariance.EllipticEnvelop` has now been removed after
deprecation.
Please use :class:`covariance.EllipticEnvelope` instead.
- :class:`cluster.Ward` is deprecated. Use
:class:`cluster.AgglomerativeClustering` instead.
- :class:`cluster.WardClustering` is deprecated. Use
- :class:`cluster.AgglomerativeClustering` instead.
- :class:`cross_validation.Bootstrap` is deprecated.
:class:`cross_validation.KFold` or
:class:`cross_validation.ShuffleSplit` are recommended instead.
- Direct support for the sequence of sequences (or list of lists) multilabel
format is deprecated. To convert to and from the supported binary
indicator matrix format, use
:class:`MultiLabelBinarizer <preprocessing.MultiLabelBinarizer>`.
By `Joel Nothman`_.
- Add score method to :class:`PCA <decomposition.PCA>` following the model of
probabilistic PCA and deprecate
:class:`ProbabilisticPCA <decomposition.ProbabilisticPCA>` model whose
score implementation is not correct. The computation now also exploits the
matrix inversion lemma for faster computation. By `Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- The score method of :class:`FactorAnalysis <decomposition.FactorAnalysis>`
now returns the average log-likelihood of the samples. Use score_samples
to get log-likelihood of each sample. By `Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- Generating boolean masks (the setting ``indices=False``)
from cross-validation generators is deprecated.
Support for masks will be removed in 0.17.
The generators have produced arrays of indices by default since 0.10.
By `Joel Nothman`_.
- 1-d arrays containing strings with ``dtype=object`` (as used in Pandas)
are now considered valid classification targets. This fixes a regression
from version 0.13 in some classifiers. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- Fix wrong ``explained_variance_ratio_`` attribute in
:class:`RandomizedPCA <decomposition.RandomizedPCA>`.
By `Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- Fit alphas for each ``l1_ratio`` instead of ``mean_l1_ratio`` in
:class:`linear_model.ElasticNetCV` and :class:`linear_model.LassoCV`.
This changes the shape of ``alphas_`` from ``(n_alphas,)`` to
``(n_l1_ratio, n_alphas)`` if the ``l1_ratio`` provided is a 1-D array like
object of length greater than one.
By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Fix :class:`linear_model.ElasticNetCV` and :class:`linear_model.LassoCV`
when fitting intercept and input data is sparse. The automatic grid
of alphas was not computed correctly and the scaling with normalize
was wrong. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Fix wrong maximal number of features drawn (``max_features``) at each split
for decision trees, random forests and gradient tree boosting.
Previously, the count for the number of drawn features started only after
one non constant features in the split. This bug fix will affect
computational and generalization performance of those algorithms in the
presence of constant features. To get back previous generalization
performance, you should modify the value of ``max_features``.
By `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Fix wrong maximal number of features drawn (``max_features``) at each split
for :class:`ensemble.ExtraTreesClassifier` and
:class:`ensemble.ExtraTreesRegressor`. Previously, only non constant
features in the split was counted as drawn. Now constant features are
counted as drawn. Furthermore at least one feature must be non constant
in order to make a valid split. This bug fix will affect
computational and generalization performance of extra trees in the
presence of constant features. To get back previous generalization
performance, you should modify the value of ``max_features``.
By `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Fix :func:`utils.compute_class_weight` when ``class_weight=="auto"``.
Previously it was broken for input of non-integer ``dtype`` and the
weighted array that was returned was wrong. By `Manoj Kumar`_.
- Fix :class:`cross_validation.Bootstrap` to return ``ValueError``
when ``n_train + n_test > n``. By `Ronald Phlypo`_.
People
------
List of contributors for release 0.15 by number of commits.
* 312 Olivier Grisel
* 275 Lars Buitinck
* 221 Gael Varoquaux
* 148 Arnaud Joly
* 134 Johannes Schönberger
* 119 Gilles Louppe
* 113 Joel Nothman
* 111 Alexandre Gramfort
* 95 Jaques Grobler
* 89 Denis Engemann
* 83 Peter Prettenhofer
* 83 Alexander Fabisch
* 62 Mathieu Blondel
* 60 Eustache Diemert
* 60 Nelle Varoquaux
* 49 Michael Bommarito
* 45 Manoj-Kumar-S
* 28 Kyle Kastner
* 26 Andreas Mueller
* 22 Noel Dawe
* 21 Maheshakya Wijewardena
* 21 Brooke Osborn
* 21 Hamzeh Alsalhi
* 21 Jake VanderPlas
* 21 Philippe Gervais
* 19 Bala Subrahmanyam Varanasi
* 12 Ronald Phlypo
* 10 Mikhail Korobov
* 8 Thomas Unterthiner
* 8 Jeffrey Blackburne
* 8 eltermann
* 8 bwignall
* 7 Ankit Agrawal
* 7 CJ Carey
* 6 Daniel Nouri
* 6 Chen Liu
* 6 Michael Eickenberg
* 6 ugurthemaster
* 5 Aaron Schumacher
* 5 Baptiste Lagarde
* 5 Rajat Khanduja
* 5 Robert McGibbon
* 5 Sergio Pascual
* 4 Alexis Metaireau
* 4 Ignacio Rossi
* 4 Virgile Fritsch
* 4 Sebastian Saeger
* 4 Ilambharathi Kanniah
* 4 sdenton4
* 4 Robert Layton
* 4 Alyssa
* 4 Amos Waterland
* 3 Andrew Tulloch
* 3 murad
* 3 Steven Maude
* 3 Karol Pysniak
* 3 Jacques Kvam
* 3 cgohlke
* 3 cjlin
* 3 Michael Becker
* 3 hamzeh
* 3 Eric Jacobsen
* 3 john collins
* 3 kaushik94
* 3 Erwin Marsi
* 2 csytracy
* 2 LK
* 2 Vlad Niculae
* 2 Laurent Direr
* 2 Erik Shilts
* 2 Raul Garreta
* 2 Yoshiki Vázquez Baeza
* 2 Yung Siang Liau
* 2 abhishek thakur
* 2 James Yu
* 2 Rohit Sivaprasad
* 2 Roland Szabo
* 2 amormachine
* 2 Alexis Mignon
* 2 Oscar Carlsson
* 2 Nantas Nardelli
* 2 jess010
* 2 kowalski87
* 2 Andrew Clegg
* 2 Federico Vaggi
* 2 Simon Frid
* 2 Félix-Antoine Fortin
* 1 Ralf Gommers
* 1 t-aft
* 1 Ronan Amicel
* 1 Rupesh Kumar Srivastava
* 1 Ryan Wang
* 1 Samuel Charron
* 1 Samuel St-Jean
* 1 Fabian Pedregosa
* 1 Skipper Seabold
* 1 Stefan Walk
* 1 Stefan van der Walt
* 1 Stephan Hoyer
* 1 Allen Riddell
* 1 Valentin Haenel
* 1 Vijay Ramesh
* 1 Will Myers
* 1 Yaroslav Halchenko
* 1 Yoni Ben-Meshulam
* 1 Yury V. Zaytsev
* 1 adrinjalali
* 1 ai8rahim
* 1 alemagnani
* 1 alex
* 1 benjamin wilson
* 1 chalmerlowe
* 1 dzikie drożdże
* 1 jamestwebber
* 1 matrixorz
* 1 popo
* 1 samuela
* 1 François Boulogne
* 1 Alexander Measure
* 1 Ethan White
* 1 Guilherme Trein
* 1 Hendrik Heuer
* 1 IvicaJovic
* 1 Jan Hendrik Metzen
* 1 Jean Michel Rouly
* 1 Eduardo Ariño de la Rubia
* 1 Jelle Zijlstra
* 1 Eddy L O Jansson
* 1 Denis
* 1 John
* 1 John Schmidt
* 1 Jorge Cañardo Alastuey
* 1 Joseph Perla
* 1 Joshua Vredevoogd
* 1 José Ricardo
* 1 Julien Miotte
* 1 Kemal Eren
* 1 Kenta Sato
* 1 David Cournapeau
* 1 Kyle Kelley
* 1 Daniele Medri
* 1 Laurent Luce
* 1 Laurent Pierron
* 1 Luis Pedro Coelho
* 1 DanielWeitzenfeld
* 1 Craig Thompson
* 1 Chyi-Kwei Yau
* 1 Matthew Brett
* 1 Matthias Feurer
* 1 Max Linke
* 1 Chris Filo Gorgolewski
* 1 Charles Earl
* 1 Michael Hanke
* 1 Michele Orrù
* 1 Bryan Lunt
* 1 Brian Kearns
* 1 Paul Butler
* 1 Paweł Mandera
* 1 Peter
* 1 Andrew Ash
* 1 Pietro Zambelli
* 1 staubda
.. _changes_0_14:
0.14
=======
Changelog
---------
- Missing values with sparse and dense matrices can be imputed with the
transformer :class:`preprocessing.Imputer` by `Nicolas Trésegnie`_.
- The core implementation of decisions trees has been rewritten from
scratch, allowing for faster tree induction and lower memory
consumption in all tree-based estimators. By `Gilles Louppe`_.
- Added :class:`ensemble.AdaBoostClassifier` and
:class:`ensemble.AdaBoostRegressor`, by `Noel Dawe`_ and
`Gilles Louppe`_. See the :ref:`AdaBoost <adaboost>` section of the user
guide for details and examples.
- Added :class:`grid_search.RandomizedSearchCV` and
:class:`grid_search.ParameterSampler` for randomized hyperparameter
optimization. By `Andreas Müller`_.
- Added :ref:`biclustering <biclustering>` algorithms
(:class:`sklearn.cluster.bicluster.SpectralCoclustering` and
:class:`sklearn.cluster.bicluster.SpectralBiclustering`), data
generation methods (:func:`sklearn.datasets.make_biclusters` and
:func:`sklearn.datasets.make_checkerboard`), and scoring metrics
(:func:`sklearn.metrics.consensus_score`). By `Kemal Eren`_.
- Added :ref:`Restricted Boltzmann Machines<rbm>`
(:class:`neural_network.BernoulliRBM`). By `Yann Dauphin`_.
- Python 3 support by `Justin Vincent`_, `Lars Buitinck`_,
`Subhodeep Moitra`_ and `Olivier Grisel`_. All tests now pass under
Python 3.3.
- Ability to pass one penalty (alpha value) per target in
:class:`linear_model.Ridge`, by @eickenberg and `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Fixed :mod:`sklearn.linear_model.stochastic_gradient.py` L2 regularization
issue (minor practical significance).
By `Norbert Crombach`_ and `Mathieu Blondel`_ .
- Added an interactive version of `Andreas Müller`_'s
`Machine Learning Cheat Sheet (for scikit-learn)
<http://peekaboo-vision.blogspot.de/2013/01/machine-learning-cheat-sheet-for-scikit.html>`_
to the documentation. See :ref:`Choosing the right estimator <ml_map>`.
By `Jaques Grobler`_.
- :class:`grid_search.GridSearchCV` and
:func:`cross_validation.cross_val_score` now support the use of advanced
scoring function such as area under the ROC curve and f-beta scores.
See :ref:`scoring_parameter` for details. By `Andreas Müller`_
and `Lars Buitinck`_.
Passing a function from :mod:`sklearn.metrics` as ``score_func`` is
deprecated.
- Multi-label classification output is now supported by
:func:`metrics.accuracy_score`, :func:`metrics.zero_one_loss`,
:func:`metrics.f1_score`, :func:`metrics.fbeta_score`,
:func:`metrics.classification_report`,
:func:`metrics.precision_score` and :func:`metrics.recall_score`
by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Two new metrics :func:`metrics.hamming_loss` and
:func:`metrics.jaccard_similarity_score`
are added with multi-label support by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Speed and memory usage improvements in
:class:`feature_extraction.text.CountVectorizer` and
:class:`feature_extraction.text.TfidfVectorizer`,
by Jochen Wersdörfer and Roman Sinayev.
- The ``min_df`` parameter in
:class:`feature_extraction.text.CountVectorizer` and
:class:`feature_extraction.text.TfidfVectorizer`, which used to be 2,
has been reset to 1 to avoid unpleasant surprises (empty vocabularies)
for novice users who try it out on tiny document collections.
A value of at least 2 is still recommended for practical use.
- :class:`svm.LinearSVC`, :class:`linear_model.SGDClassifier` and
:class:`linear_model.SGDRegressor` now have a ``sparsify`` method that
converts their ``coef_`` into a sparse matrix, meaning stored models
trained using these estimators can be made much more compact.
- :class:`linear_model.SGDClassifier` now produces multiclass probability
estimates when trained under log loss or modified Huber loss.
- Hyperlinks to documentation in example code on the website by
`Martin Luessi`_.
- Fixed bug in :class:`preprocessing.MinMaxScaler` causing incorrect scaling
of the features for non-default ``feature_range`` settings. By `Andreas
Müller`_.
- ``max_features`` in :class:`tree.DecisionTreeClassifier`,
:class:`tree.DecisionTreeRegressor` and all derived ensemble estimators
now supports percentage values. By `Gilles Louppe`_.
- Performance improvements in :class:`isotonic.IsotonicRegression` by
`Nelle Varoquaux`_.
- :func:`metrics.accuracy_score` has an option normalize to return
the fraction or the number of correctly classified sample
by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Added :func:`metrics.log_loss` that computes log loss, aka cross-entropy
loss. By Jochen Wersdörfer and `Lars Buitinck`_.
- A bug that caused :class:`ensemble.AdaBoostClassifier`'s to output
incorrect probabilities has been fixed.
- Feature selectors now share a mixin providing consistent ``transform``,
``inverse_transform`` and ``get_support`` methods. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- A fitted :class:`grid_search.GridSearchCV` or
:class:`grid_search.RandomizedSearchCV` can now generally be pickled.
By `Joel Nothman`_.
- Refactored and vectorized implementation of :func:`metrics.roc_curve`
and :func:`metrics.precision_recall_curve`. By `Joel Nothman`_.
- The new estimator :class:`sklearn.decomposition.TruncatedSVD`
performs dimensionality reduction using SVD on sparse matrices,
and can be used for latent semantic analysis (LSA).
By `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Added self-contained example of out-of-core learning on text data
:ref:`example_applications_plot_out_of_core_classification.py`.
By `Eustache Diemert`_.
- The default number of components for
:class:`sklearn.decomposition.RandomizedPCA` is now correctly documented
to be ``n_features``. This was the default behavior, so programs using it
will continue to work as they did.
- :class:`sklearn.cluster.KMeans` now fits several orders of magnitude
faster on sparse data (the speedup depends on the sparsity). By
`Lars Buitinck`_.
- Reduce memory footprint of FastICA by `Denis Engemann`_ and
`Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- Verbose output in :mod:`sklearn.ensemble.gradient_boosting` now uses
a column format and prints progress in decreasing frequency.
It also shows the remaining time. By `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- :mod:`sklearn.ensemble.gradient_boosting` provides out-of-bag improvement
:attr:`~sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor.oob_improvement_`
rather than the OOB score for model selection. An example that shows
how to use OOB estimates to select the number of trees was added.
By `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- Most metrics now support string labels for multiclass classification
by `Arnaud Joly`_ and `Lars Buitinck`_.
- New OrthogonalMatchingPursuitCV class by `Alexandre Gramfort`_
and `Vlad Niculae`_.
- Fixed a bug in :class:`sklearn.covariance.GraphLassoCV`: the
'alphas' parameter now works as expected when given a list of
values. By Philippe Gervais.
- Fixed an important bug in :class:`sklearn.covariance.GraphLassoCV`
that prevented all folds provided by a CV object to be used (only
the first 3 were used). When providing a CV object, execution
time may thus increase significantly compared to the previous
version (bug results are correct now). By Philippe Gervais.
- :class:`cross_validation.cross_val_score` and the :mod:`grid_search`
module is now tested with multi-output data by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- :func:`datasets.make_multilabel_classification` can now return
the output in label indicator multilabel format by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- K-nearest neighbors, :class:`neighbors.KNeighborsRegressor`
and :class:`neighbors.RadiusNeighborsRegressor`,
and radius neighbors, :class:`neighbors.RadiusNeighborsRegressor` and
:class:`neighbors.RadiusNeighborsClassifier` support multioutput data
by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Random state in LibSVM-based estimators (:class:`svm.SVC`, :class:`NuSVC`,
:class:`OneClassSVM`, :class:`svm.SVR`, :class:`svm.NuSVR`) can now be
controlled. This is useful to ensure consistency in the probability
estimates for the classifiers trained with ``probability=True``. By
`Vlad Niculae`_.
- Out-of-core learning support for discrete naive Bayes classifiers
:class:`sklearn.naive_bayes.MultinomialNB` and
:class:`sklearn.naive_bayes.BernoulliNB` by adding the ``partial_fit``
method by `Olivier Grisel`_.
- New website design and navigation by `Gilles Louppe`_, `Nelle Varoquaux`_,
Vincent Michel and `Andreas Müller`_.
- Improved documentation on :ref:`multi-class, multi-label and multi-output
classification <multiclass>` by `Yannick Schwartz`_ and `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Better input and error handling in the :mod:`metrics` module by
`Arnaud Joly`_ and `Joel Nothman`_.
- Speed optimization of the :mod:`hmm` module by `Mikhail Korobov`_
- Significant speed improvements for :class:`sklearn.cluster.DBSCAN`
by `cleverless <https://github.com/cleverless>`_
API changes summary
-------------------
- The :func:`auc_score` was renamed :func:`roc_auc_score`.
- Testing scikit-learn with ``sklearn.test()`` is deprecated. Use
``nosetests sklearn`` from the command line.
- Feature importances in :class:`tree.DecisionTreeClassifier`,
:class:`tree.DecisionTreeRegressor` and all derived ensemble estimators
are now computed on the fly when accessing the ``feature_importances_``
attribute. Setting ``compute_importances=True`` is no longer required.
By `Gilles Louppe`_.
- :class:`linear_model.lasso_path` and
:class:`linear_model.enet_path` can return its results in the same
format as that of :class:`linear_model.lars_path`. This is done by
setting the ``return_models`` parameter to ``False``. By
`Jaques Grobler`_ and `Alexandre Gramfort`_
- :class:`grid_search.IterGrid` was renamed to
:class:`grid_search.ParameterGrid`.
- Fixed bug in :class:`KFold` causing imperfect class balance in some
cases. By `Alexandre Gramfort`_ and Tadej Janež.
- :class:`sklearn.neighbors.BallTree` has been refactored, and a
:class:`sklearn.neighbors.KDTree` has been
added which shares the same interface. The Ball Tree now works with
a wide variety of distance metrics. Both classes have many new
methods, including single-tree and dual-tree queries, breadth-first
and depth-first searching, and more advanced queries such as
kernel density estimation and 2-point correlation functions.
By `Jake Vanderplas`_
- Support for scipy.spatial.cKDTree within neighbors queries has been
removed, and the functionality replaced with the new :class:`KDTree`
class.
- :class:`sklearn.neighbors.KernelDensity` has been added, which performs
efficient kernel density estimation with a variety of kernels.
- :class:`sklearn.decomposition.KernelPCA` now always returns output with
``n_components`` components, unless the new parameter ``remove_zero_eig``
is set to ``True``. This new behavior is consistent with the way
kernel PCA was always documented; previously, the removal of components
with zero eigenvalues was tacitly performed on all data.
- ``gcv_mode="auto"`` no longer tries to perform SVD on a densified
sparse matrix in :class:`sklearn.linear_model.RidgeCV`.
- Sparse matrix support in :class:`sklearn.decomposition.RandomizedPCA`
is now deprecated in favor of the new ``TruncatedSVD``.
- :class:`cross_validation.KFold` and
:class:`cross_validation.StratifiedKFold` now enforce `n_folds >= 2`
otherwise a ``ValueError`` is raised. By `Olivier Grisel`_.
- :func:`datasets.load_files`'s ``charset`` and ``charset_errors``
parameters were renamed ``encoding`` and ``decode_errors``.
- Attribute ``oob_score_`` in :class:`sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor`
and :class:`sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier`
is deprecated and has been replaced by ``oob_improvement_`` .
- Attributes in OrthogonalMatchingPursuit have been deprecated
(copy_X, Gram, ...) and precompute_gram renamed precompute
for consistency. See #2224.
- :class:`sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler` now converts integer input
to float, and raises a warning. Previously it rounded for dense integer
input.
- :class:`sklearn.multiclass.OneVsRestClassifier` now has a
``decision_function`` method. This will return the distance of each
sample from the decision boundary for each class, as long as the
underlying estimators implement the ``decision_function`` method.
By `Kyle Kastner`_.
- Better input validation, warning on unexpected shapes for y.
People
------
List of contributors for release 0.14 by number of commits.
* 277 Gilles Louppe
* 245 Lars Buitinck
* 187 Andreas Mueller
* 124 Arnaud Joly
* 112 Jaques Grobler
* 109 Gael Varoquaux
* 107 Olivier Grisel
* 102 Noel Dawe
* 99 Kemal Eren
* 79 Joel Nothman
* 75 Jake VanderPlas
* 73 Nelle Varoquaux
* 71 Vlad Niculae
* 65 Peter Prettenhofer
* 64 Alexandre Gramfort
* 54 Mathieu Blondel
* 38 Nicolas Trésegnie
* 35 eustache
* 27 Denis Engemann
* 25 Yann N. Dauphin
* 19 Justin Vincent
* 17 Robert Layton
* 15 Doug Coleman
* 14 Michael Eickenberg
* 13 Robert Marchman
* 11 Fabian Pedregosa
* 11 Philippe Gervais
* 10 Jim Holmström
* 10 Tadej Janež
* 10 syhw
* 9 Mikhail Korobov
* 9 Steven De Gryze
* 8 sergeyf
* 7 Ben Root
* 7 Hrishikesh Huilgolkar
* 6 Kyle Kastner
* 6 Martin Luessi
* 6 Rob Speer
* 5 Federico Vaggi
* 5 Raul Garreta
* 5 Rob Zinkov
* 4 Ken Geis
* 3 A. Flaxman
* 3 Denton Cockburn
* 3 Dougal Sutherland
* 3 Ian Ozsvald
* 3 Johannes Schönberger
* 3 Robert McGibbon
* 3 Roman Sinayev
* 3 Szabo Roland
* 2 Diego Molla
* 2 Imran Haque
* 2 Jochen Wersdörfer
* 2 Sergey Karayev
* 2 Yannick Schwartz
* 2 jamestwebber
* 1 Abhijeet Kolhe
* 1 Alexander Fabisch
* 1 Bastiaan van den Berg
* 1 Benjamin Peterson
* 1 Daniel Velkov
* 1 Fazlul Shahriar
* 1 Felix Brockherde
* 1 Félix-Antoine Fortin
* 1 Harikrishnan S
* 1 Jack Hale
* 1 JakeMick
* 1 James McDermott
* 1 John Benediktsson
* 1 John Zwinck
* 1 Joshua Vredevoogd
* 1 Justin Pati
* 1 Kevin Hughes
* 1 Kyle Kelley
* 1 Matthias Ekman
* 1 Miroslav Shubernetskiy
* 1 Naoki Orii
* 1 Norbert Crombach
* 1 Rafael Cunha de Almeida
* 1 Rolando Espinoza La fuente
* 1 Seamus Abshere
* 1 Sergey Feldman
* 1 Sergio Medina
* 1 Stefano Lattarini
* 1 Steve Koch
* 1 Sturla Molden
* 1 Thomas Jarosch
* 1 Yaroslav Halchenko
.. _changes_0_13_1:
0.13.1
======
The 0.13.1 release only fixes some bugs and does not add any new functionality.
Changelog
---------
- Fixed a testing error caused by the function :func:`cross_validation.train_test_split` being
interpreted as a test by `Yaroslav Halchenko`_.
- Fixed a bug in the reassignment of small clusters in the :class:`cluster.MiniBatchKMeans`
by `Gael Varoquaux`_.
- Fixed default value of ``gamma`` in :class:`decomposition.KernelPCA` by `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Updated joblib to ``0.7.0d`` by `Gael Varoquaux`_.
- Fixed scaling of the deviance in :class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier` by `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- Better tie-breaking in :class:`multiclass.OneVsOneClassifier` by `Andreas Müller`_.
- Other small improvements to tests and documentation.
People
------
List of contributors for release 0.13.1 by number of commits.
* 16 `Lars Buitinck`_
* 12 `Andreas Müller`_
* 8 `Gael Varoquaux`_
* 5 Robert Marchman
* 3 `Peter Prettenhofer`_
* 2 Hrishikesh Huilgolkar
* 1 Bastiaan van den Berg
* 1 Diego Molla
* 1 `Gilles Louppe`_
* 1 `Mathieu Blondel`_
* 1 `Nelle Varoquaux`_
* 1 Rafael Cunha de Almeida
* 1 Rolando Espinoza La fuente
* 1 `Vlad Niculae`_
* 1 `Yaroslav Halchenko`_
.. _changes_0_13:
0.13
====
New Estimator Classes
---------------------
- :class:`dummy.DummyClassifier` and :class:`dummy.DummyRegressor`, two
data-independent predictors by `Mathieu Blondel`_. Useful to sanity-check
your estimators. See :ref:`dummy_estimators` in the user guide.
Multioutput support added by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- :class:`decomposition.FactorAnalysis`, a transformer implementing the
classical factor analysis, by `Christian Osendorfer`_ and `Alexandre
Gramfort`_. See :ref:`FA` in the user guide.
- :class:`feature_extraction.FeatureHasher`, a transformer implementing the
"hashing trick" for fast, low-memory feature extraction from string fields
by `Lars Buitinck`_ and :class:`feature_extraction.text.HashingVectorizer`
for text documents by `Olivier Grisel`_ See :ref:`feature_hashing` and
:ref:`hashing_vectorizer` for the documentation and sample usage.
- :class:`pipeline.FeatureUnion`, a transformer that concatenates
results of several other transformers by `Andreas Müller`_. See
:ref:`feature_union` in the user guide.
- :class:`random_projection.GaussianRandomProjection`,
:class:`random_projection.SparseRandomProjection` and the function
:func:`random_projection.johnson_lindenstrauss_min_dim`. The first two are
transformers implementing Gaussian and sparse random projection matrix
by `Olivier Grisel`_ and `Arnaud Joly`_.
See :ref:`random_projection` in the user guide.
- :class:`kernel_approximation.Nystroem`, a transformer for approximating
arbitrary kernels by `Andreas Müller`_. See
:ref:`nystroem_kernel_approx` in the user guide.
- :class:`preprocessing.OneHotEncoder`, a transformer that computes binary
encodings of categorical features by `Andreas Müller`_. See
:ref:`preprocessing_categorical_features` in the user guide.
- :class:`linear_model.PassiveAggressiveClassifier` and
:class:`linear_model.PassiveAggressiveRegressor`, predictors implementing
an efficient stochastic optimization for linear models by `Rob Zinkov`_ and
`Mathieu Blondel`_. See :ref:`passive_aggressive` in the user
guide.
- :class:`ensemble.RandomTreesEmbedding`, a transformer for creating high-dimensional
sparse representations using ensembles of totally random trees by `Andreas Müller`_.
See :ref:`random_trees_embedding` in the user guide.
- :class:`manifold.SpectralEmbedding` and function
:func:`manifold.spectral_embedding`, implementing the "laplacian
eigenmaps" transformation for non-linear dimensionality reduction by Wei
Li. See :ref:`spectral_embedding` in the user guide.
- :class:`isotonic.IsotonicRegression` by `Fabian Pedregosa`_, `Alexandre Gramfort`_
and `Nelle Varoquaux`_,
Changelog
---------
- :func:`metrics.zero_one_loss` (formerly ``metrics.zero_one``) now has
option for normalized output that reports the fraction of
misclassifications, rather than the raw number of misclassifications. By
Kyle Beauchamp.
- :class:`tree.DecisionTreeClassifier` and all derived ensemble models now
support sample weighting, by `Noel Dawe`_ and `Gilles Louppe`_.
- Speedup improvement when using bootstrap samples in forests of randomized
trees, by `Peter Prettenhofer`_ and `Gilles Louppe`_.
- Partial dependence plots for :ref:`gradient_boosting` in
:func:`ensemble.partial_dependence.partial_dependence` by `Peter
Prettenhofer`_. See :ref:`example_ensemble_plot_partial_dependence.py` for an
example.
- The table of contents on the website has now been made expandable by
`Jaques Grobler`_.
- :class:`feature_selection.SelectPercentile` now breaks ties
deterministically instead of returning all equally ranked features.
- :class:`feature_selection.SelectKBest` and
:class:`feature_selection.SelectPercentile` are more numerically stable
since they use scores, rather than p-values, to rank results. This means
that they might sometimes select different features than they did
previously.
- Ridge regression and ridge classification fitting with ``sparse_cg`` solver
no longer has quadratic memory complexity, by `Lars Buitinck`_ and
`Fabian Pedregosa`_.
- Ridge regression and ridge classification now support a new fast solver
called ``lsqr``, by `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Speed up of :func:`metrics.precision_recall_curve` by Conrad Lee.
- Added support for reading/writing svmlight files with pairwise
preference attribute (qid in svmlight file format) in
:func:`datasets.dump_svmlight_file` and
:func:`datasets.load_svmlight_file` by `Fabian Pedregosa`_.
- Faster and more robust :func:`metrics.confusion_matrix` and
:ref:`clustering_evaluation` by Wei Li.
- :func:`cross_validation.cross_val_score` now works with precomputed kernels
and affinity matrices, by `Andreas Müller`_.
- LARS algorithm made more numerically stable with heuristics to drop
regressors too correlated as well as to stop the path when
numerical noise becomes predominant, by `Gael Varoquaux`_.
- Faster implementation of :func:`metrics.precision_recall_curve` by
Conrad Lee.
- New kernel :class:`metrics.chi2_kernel` by `Andreas Müller`_, often used
in computer vision applications.
- Fix of longstanding bug in :class:`naive_bayes.BernoulliNB` fixed by
Shaun Jackman.
- Implemented ``predict_proba`` in :class:`multiclass.OneVsRestClassifier`,
by Andrew Winterman.
- Improve consistency in gradient boosting: estimators
:class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor` and
:class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier` use the estimator
:class:`tree.DecisionTreeRegressor` instead of the
:class:`tree._tree.Tree` data structure by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Fixed a floating point exception in the :ref:`decision trees <tree>`
module, by Seberg.
- Fix :func:`metrics.roc_curve` fails when y_true has only one class
by Wei Li.
- Add the :func:`metrics.mean_absolute_error` function which computes the
mean absolute error. The :func:`metrics.mean_squared_error`,
:func:`metrics.mean_absolute_error` and
:func:`metrics.r2_score` metrics support multioutput by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Fixed ``class_weight`` support in :class:`svm.LinearSVC` and
:class:`linear_model.LogisticRegression` by `Andreas Müller`_. The meaning
of ``class_weight`` was reversed as erroneously higher weight meant less
positives of a given class in earlier releases.
- Improve narrative documentation and consistency in
:mod:`sklearn.metrics` for regression and classification metrics
by `Arnaud Joly`_.
- Fixed a bug in :class:`sklearn.svm.SVC` when using csr-matrices with
unsorted indices by Xinfan Meng and `Andreas Müller`_.
- :class:`MiniBatchKMeans`: Add random reassignment of cluster centers
with little observations attached to them, by `Gael Varoquaux`_.
API changes summary
-------------------
- Renamed all occurrences of ``n_atoms`` to ``n_components`` for consistency.
This applies to :class:`decomposition.DictionaryLearning`,
:class:`decomposition.MiniBatchDictionaryLearning`,
:func:`decomposition.dict_learning`, :func:`decomposition.dict_learning_online`.
- Renamed all occurrences of ``max_iters`` to ``max_iter`` for consistency.
This applies to :class:`semi_supervised.LabelPropagation` and
:class:`semi_supervised.label_propagation.LabelSpreading`.
- Renamed all occurrences of ``learn_rate`` to ``learning_rate`` for
consistency in :class:`ensemble.BaseGradientBoosting` and
:class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor`.
- The module ``sklearn.linear_model.sparse`` is gone. Sparse matrix support
was already integrated into the "regular" linear models.
- :func:`sklearn.metrics.mean_square_error`, which incorrectly returned the
accumulated error, was removed. Use ``mean_squared_error`` instead.
- Passing ``class_weight`` parameters to ``fit`` methods is no longer
supported. Pass them to estimator constructors instead.
- GMMs no longer have ``decode`` and ``rvs`` methods. Use the ``score``,
``predict`` or ``sample`` methods instead.
- The ``solver`` fit option in Ridge regression and classification is now
deprecated and will be removed in v0.14. Use the constructor option
instead.
- :class:`feature_extraction.text.DictVectorizer` now returns sparse
matrices in the CSR format, instead of COO.
- Renamed ``k`` in :class:`cross_validation.KFold` and
:class:`cross_validation.StratifiedKFold` to ``n_folds``, renamed
``n_bootstraps`` to ``n_iter`` in ``cross_validation.Bootstrap``.
- Renamed all occurrences of ``n_iterations`` to ``n_iter`` for consistency.
This applies to :class:`cross_validation.ShuffleSplit`,
:class:`cross_validation.StratifiedShuffleSplit`,
:func:`utils.randomized_range_finder` and :func:`utils.randomized_svd`.
- Replaced ``rho`` in :class:`linear_model.ElasticNet` and
:class:`linear_model.SGDClassifier` by ``l1_ratio``. The ``rho`` parameter
had different meanings; ``l1_ratio`` was introduced to avoid confusion.
It has the same meaning as previously ``rho`` in
:class:`linear_model.ElasticNet` and ``(1-rho)`` in
:class:`linear_model.SGDClassifier`.
- :class:`linear_model.LassoLars` and :class:`linear_model.Lars` now
store a list of paths in the case of multiple targets, rather than
an array of paths.
- The attribute ``gmm`` of :class:`hmm.GMMHMM` was renamed to ``gmm_``
to adhere more strictly with the API.
- :func:`cluster.spectral_embedding` was moved to
:func:`manifold.spectral_embedding`.
- Renamed ``eig_tol`` in :func:`manifold.spectral_embedding`,
:class:`cluster.SpectralClustering` to ``eigen_tol``, renamed ``mode``
to ``eigen_solver``.
- Renamed ``mode`` in :func:`manifold.spectral_embedding` and
:class:`cluster.SpectralClustering` to ``eigen_solver``.
- ``classes_`` and ``n_classes_`` attributes of
:class:`tree.DecisionTreeClassifier` and all derived ensemble models are
now flat in case of single output problems and nested in case of
multi-output problems.
- The ``estimators_`` attribute of
:class:`ensemble.gradient_boosting.GradientBoostingRegressor` and
:class:`ensemble.gradient_boosting.GradientBoostingClassifier` is now an
array of :class:'tree.DecisionTreeRegressor'.
- Renamed ``chunk_size`` to ``batch_size`` in
:class:`decomposition.MiniBatchDictionaryLearning` and
:class:`decomposition.MiniBatchSparsePCA` for consistency.
- :class:`svm.SVC` and :class:`svm.NuSVC` now provide a ``classes_``
attribute and support arbitrary dtypes for labels ``y``.
Also, the dtype returned by ``predict`` now reflects the dtype of
``y`` during ``fit`` (used to be ``np.float``).
- Changed default test_size in :func:`cross_validation.train_test_split`
to None, added possibility to infer ``test_size`` from ``train_size`` in
:class:`cross_validation.ShuffleSplit` and
:class:`cross_validation.StratifiedShuffleSplit`.
- Renamed function :func:`sklearn.metrics.zero_one` to
:func:`sklearn.metrics.zero_one_loss`. Be aware that the default behavior
in :func:`sklearn.metrics.zero_one_loss` is different from
:func:`sklearn.metrics.zero_one`: ``normalize=False`` is changed to
``normalize=True``.
- Renamed function :func:`metrics.zero_one_score` to
:func:`metrics.accuracy_score`.
- :func:`datasets.make_circles` now has the same number of inner and outer points.
- In the Naive Bayes classifiers, the ``class_prior`` parameter was moved
from ``fit`` to ``__init__``.
People
------
List of contributors for release 0.13 by number of commits.
* 364 `Andreas Müller`_
* 143 `Arnaud Joly`_
* 137 `Peter Prettenhofer`_
* 131 `Gael Varoquaux`_
* 117 `Mathieu Blondel`_
* 108 `Lars Buitinck`_
* 106 Wei Li
* 101 `Olivier Grisel`_
* 65 `Vlad Niculae`_
* 54 `Gilles Louppe`_
* 40 `Jaques Grobler`_
* 38 `Alexandre Gramfort`_
* 30 `Rob Zinkov`_
* 19 Aymeric Masurelle
* 18 Andrew Winterman
* 17 `Fabian Pedregosa`_
* 17 Nelle Varoquaux
* 16 `Christian Osendorfer`_
* 14 `Daniel Nouri`_
* 13 `Virgile Fritsch`_
* 13 syhw
* 12 `Satrajit Ghosh`_
* 10 Corey Lynch
* 10 Kyle Beauchamp
* 9 Brian Cheung
* 9 Immanuel Bayer
* 9 mr.Shu
* 8 Conrad Lee
* 8 `James Bergstra`_
* 7 Tadej Janež
* 6 Brian Cajes
* 6 `Jake Vanderplas`_
* 6 Michael
* 6 Noel Dawe
* 6 Tiago Nunes
* 6 cow
* 5 Anze
* 5 Shiqiao Du
* 4 Christian Jauvin
* 4 Jacques Kvam
* 4 Richard T. Guy
* 4 `Robert Layton`_
* 3 Alexandre Abraham
* 3 Doug Coleman
* 3 Scott Dickerson
* 2 ApproximateIdentity
* 2 John Benediktsson
* 2 Mark Veronda
* 2 Matti Lyra
* 2 Mikhail Korobov
* 2 Xinfan Meng
* 1 Alejandro Weinstein
* 1 `Alexandre Passos`_
* 1 Christoph Deil
* 1 Eugene Nizhibitsky
* 1 Kenneth C. Arnold
* 1 Luis Pedro Coelho
* 1 Miroslav Batchkarov
* 1 Pavel
* 1 Sebastian Berg
* 1 Shaun Jackman
* 1 Subhodeep Moitra
* 1 bob
* 1 dengemann
* 1 emanuele
* 1 x006
.. _changes_0_12.1:
0.12.1
=======
The 0.12.1 release is a bug-fix release with no additional features, but is
instead a set of bug fixes
Changelog
----------
- Improved numerical stability in spectral embedding by `Gael
Varoquaux`_
- Doctest under windows 64bit by `Gael Varoquaux`_
- Documentation fixes for elastic net by `Andreas Müller`_ and
`Alexandre Gramfort`_
- Proper behavior with fortran-ordered NumPy arrays by `Gael Varoquaux`_
- Make GridSearchCV work with non-CSR sparse matrix by `Lars Buitinck`_
- Fix parallel computing in MDS by `Gael Varoquaux`_
- Fix Unicode support in count vectorizer by `Andreas Müller`_
- Fix MinCovDet breaking with X.shape = (3, 1) by `Virgile Fritsch`_
- Fix clone of SGD objects by `Peter Prettenhofer`_
- Stabilize GMM by `Virgile Fritsch`_
People
------
* 14 `Peter Prettenhofer`_
* 12 `Gael Varoquaux`_
* 10 `Andreas Müller`_
* 5 `Lars Buitinck`_
* 3 `Virgile Fritsch`_
* 1 `Alexandre Gramfort`_
* 1 `Gilles Louppe`_
* 1 `Mathieu Blondel`_
.. _changes_0_12:
0.12
====
Changelog
---------
- Various speed improvements of the :ref:`decision trees <tree>` module, by
`Gilles Louppe`_.
- :class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor` and
:class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier` now support feature subsampling
via the ``max_features`` argument, by `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- Added Huber and Quantile loss functions to
:class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor`, by `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- :ref:`Decision trees <tree>` and :ref:`forests of randomized trees <forest>`
now support multi-output classification and regression problems, by
`Gilles Louppe`_.
- Added :class:`preprocessing.LabelEncoder`, a simple utility class to
normalize labels or transform non-numerical labels, by `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Added the epsilon-insensitive loss and the ability to make probabilistic
predictions with the modified huber loss in :ref:`sgd`, by
`Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Added :ref:`multidimensional_scaling`, by Nelle Varoquaux.
- SVMlight file format loader now detects compressed (gzip/bzip2) files and
decompresses them on the fly, by `Lars Buitinck`_.
- SVMlight file format serializer now preserves double precision floating
point values, by `Olivier Grisel`_.
- A common testing framework for all estimators was added, by `Andreas Müller`_.
- Understandable error messages for estimators that do not accept
sparse input by `Gael Varoquaux`_
- Speedups in hierarchical clustering by `Gael Varoquaux`_. In
particular building the tree now supports early stopping. This is
useful when the number of clusters is not small compared to the
number of samples.
- Add MultiTaskLasso and MultiTaskElasticNet for joint feature selection,
by `Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- Added :func:`metrics.auc_score` and
:func:`metrics.average_precision_score` convenience functions by `Andreas
Müller`_.
- Improved sparse matrix support in the :ref:`feature_selection`
module by `Andreas Müller`_.
- New word boundaries-aware character n-gram analyzer for the
:ref:`text_feature_extraction` module by `@kernc`_.
- Fixed bug in spectral clustering that led to single point clusters
by `Andreas Müller`_.
- In :class:`feature_extraction.text.CountVectorizer`, added an option to
ignore infrequent words, ``min_df`` by `Andreas Müller`_.
- Add support for multiple targets in some linear models (ElasticNet, Lasso
and OrthogonalMatchingPursuit) by `Vlad Niculae`_ and
`Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- Fixes in :class:`decomposition.ProbabilisticPCA` score function by Wei Li.
- Fixed feature importance computation in
:ref:`gradient_boosting`.
API changes summary
-------------------
- The old ``scikits.learn`` package has disappeared; all code should import
from ``sklearn`` instead, which was introduced in 0.9.
- In :func:`metrics.roc_curve`, the ``thresholds`` array is now returned
with it's order reversed, in order to keep it consistent with the order
of the returned ``fpr`` and ``tpr``.
- In :class:`hmm` objects, like :class:`hmm.GaussianHMM`,
:class:`hmm.MultinomialHMM`, etc., all parameters must be passed to the
object when initialising it and not through ``fit``. Now ``fit`` will
only accept the data as an input parameter.
- For all SVM classes, a faulty behavior of ``gamma`` was fixed. Previously,
the default gamma value was only computed the first time ``fit`` was called
and then stored. It is now recalculated on every call to ``fit``.
- All ``Base`` classes are now abstract meta classes so that they can not be
instantiated.
- :func:`cluster.ward_tree` now also returns the parent array. This is
necessary for early-stopping in which case the tree is not
completely built.
- In :class:`feature_extraction.text.CountVectorizer` the parameters
``min_n`` and ``max_n`` were joined to the parameter ``n_gram_range`` to
enable grid-searching both at once.
- In :class:`feature_extraction.text.CountVectorizer`, words that appear
only in one document are now ignored by default. To reproduce
the previous behavior, set ``min_df=1``.
- Fixed API inconsistency: :meth:`linear_model.SGDClassifier.predict_proba` now
returns 2d array when fit on two classes.
- Fixed API inconsistency: :meth:`qda.QDA.decision_function` and
:meth:`lda.LDA.decision_function` now return 1d arrays when fit on two
classes.
- Grid of alphas used for fitting :class:`linear_model.LassoCV` and
:class:`linear_model.ElasticNetCV` is now stored
in the attribute ``alphas_`` rather than overriding the init parameter
``alphas``.
- Linear models when alpha is estimated by cross-validation store
the estimated value in the ``alpha_`` attribute rather than just
``alpha`` or ``best_alpha``.
- :class:`ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier` now supports
:meth:`ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier.staged_predict_proba`, and
:meth:`ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier.staged_predict`.
- :class:`svm.sparse.SVC` and other sparse SVM classes are now deprecated.
The all classes in the :ref:`svm` module now automatically select the
sparse or dense representation base on the input.
- All clustering algorithms now interpret the array ``X`` given to ``fit`` as
input data, in particular :class:`cluster.SpectralClustering` and
:class:`cluster.AffinityPropagation` which previously expected affinity matrices.
- For clustering algorithms that take the desired number of clusters as a parameter,
this parameter is now called ``n_clusters``.
People
------
* 267 `Andreas Müller`_
* 94 `Gilles Louppe`_
* 89 `Gael Varoquaux`_
* 79 `Peter Prettenhofer`_
* 60 `Mathieu Blondel`_
* 57 `Alexandre Gramfort`_
* 52 `Vlad Niculae`_
* 45 `Lars Buitinck`_
* 44 Nelle Varoquaux
* 37 `Jaques Grobler`_
* 30 Alexis Mignon
* 30 Immanuel Bayer
* 27 `Olivier Grisel`_
* 16 Subhodeep Moitra
* 13 Yannick Schwartz
* 12 `@kernc`_
* 11 `Virgile Fritsch`_
* 9 Daniel Duckworth
* 9 `Fabian Pedregosa`_
* 9 `Robert Layton`_
* 8 John Benediktsson
* 7 Marko Burjek
* 5 `Nicolas Pinto`_
* 4 Alexandre Abraham
* 4 `Jake Vanderplas`_
* 3 `Brian Holt`_
* 3 `Edouard Duchesnay`_
* 3 Florian Hoenig
* 3 flyingimmidev
* 2 Francois Savard
* 2 Hannes Schulz
* 2 Peter Welinder
* 2 `Yaroslav Halchenko`_
* 2 Wei Li
* 1 Alex Companioni
* 1 Brandyn A. White
* 1 Bussonnier Matthias
* 1 Charles-Pierre Astolfi
* 1 Dan O'Huiginn
* 1 David Cournapeau
* 1 Keith Goodman
* 1 Ludwig Schwardt
* 1 Olivier Hervieu
* 1 Sergio Medina
* 1 Shiqiao Du
* 1 Tim Sheerman-Chase
* 1 buguen
.. _changes_0_11:
0.11
====
Changelog
---------
Highlights
.............
- Gradient boosted regression trees (:ref:`gradient_boosting`)
for classification and regression by `Peter Prettenhofer`_
and `Scott White`_ .
- Simple dict-based feature loader with support for categorical variables
(:class:`feature_extraction.DictVectorizer`) by `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Added Matthews correlation coefficient (:func:`metrics.matthews_corrcoef`)
and added macro and micro average options to
:func:`metrics.precision_score`, :func:`metrics.recall_score` and
:func:`metrics.f1_score` by `Satrajit Ghosh`_.
- :ref:`out_of_bag` of generalization error for :ref:`ensemble`
by `Andreas Müller`_.
- :ref:`randomized_l1`: Randomized sparse linear models for feature
selection, by `Alexandre Gramfort`_ and `Gael Varoquaux`_
- :ref:`label_propagation` for semi-supervised learning, by Clay
Woolam. **Note** the semi-supervised API is still work in progress,
and may change.
- Added BIC/AIC model selection to classical :ref:`gmm` and unified
the API with the remainder of scikit-learn, by `Bertrand Thirion`_
- Added :class:`sklearn.cross_validation.StratifiedShuffleSplit`, which is
a :class:`sklearn.cross_validation.ShuffleSplit` with balanced splits,
by Yannick Schwartz.
- :class:`sklearn.neighbors.NearestCentroid` classifier added, along with a
``shrink_threshold`` parameter, which implements **shrunken centroid
classification**, by `Robert Layton`_.
Other changes
..............
- Merged dense and sparse implementations of :ref:`sgd` module and
exposed utility extension types for sequential
datasets ``seq_dataset`` and weight vectors ``weight_vector``
by `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- Added ``partial_fit`` (support for online/minibatch learning) and
warm_start to the :ref:`sgd` module by `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Dense and sparse implementations of :ref:`svm` classes and
:class:`linear_model.LogisticRegression` merged by `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Regressors can now be used as base estimator in the :ref:`multiclass`
module by `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Added n_jobs option to :func:`metrics.pairwise.pairwise_distances`
and :func:`metrics.pairwise.pairwise_kernels` for parallel computation,
by `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- :ref:`k_means` can now be run in parallel, using the ``n_jobs`` argument
to either :ref:`k_means` or :class:`KMeans`, by `Robert Layton`_.
- Improved :ref:`cross_validation` and :ref:`grid_search` documentation
and introduced the new :func:`cross_validation.train_test_split`
helper function by `Olivier Grisel`_
- :class:`svm.SVC` members ``coef_`` and ``intercept_`` changed sign for
consistency with ``decision_function``; for ``kernel==linear``,
``coef_`` was fixed in the the one-vs-one case, by `Andreas Müller`_.
- Performance improvements to efficient leave-one-out cross-validated
Ridge regression, esp. for the ``n_samples > n_features`` case, in
:class:`linear_model.RidgeCV`, by Reuben Fletcher-Costin.
- Refactoring and simplification of the :ref:`text_feature_extraction`
API and fixed a bug that caused possible negative IDF,
by `Olivier Grisel`_.
- Beam pruning option in :class:`_BaseHMM` module has been removed since it
is difficult to Cythonize. If you are interested in contributing a Cython
version, you can use the python version in the git history as a reference.
- Classes in :ref:`neighbors` now support arbitrary Minkowski metric for
nearest neighbors searches. The metric can be specified by argument ``p``.
API changes summary
-------------------
- :class:`covariance.EllipticEnvelop` is now deprecated - Please use :class:`covariance.EllipticEnvelope`
instead.
- ``NeighborsClassifier`` and ``NeighborsRegressor`` are gone in the module
:ref:`neighbors`. Use the classes :class:`KNeighborsClassifier`,
:class:`RadiusNeighborsClassifier`, :class:`KNeighborsRegressor`
and/or :class:`RadiusNeighborsRegressor` instead.
- Sparse classes in the :ref:`sgd` module are now deprecated.
- In :class:`mixture.GMM`, :class:`mixture.DPGMM` and :class:`mixture.VBGMM`,
parameters must be passed to an object when initialising it and not through
``fit``. Now ``fit`` will only accept the data as an input parameter.
- methods ``rvs`` and ``decode`` in :class:`GMM` module are now deprecated.
``sample`` and ``score`` or ``predict`` should be used instead.
- attribute ``_scores`` and ``_pvalues`` in univariate feature selection
objects are now deprecated.
``scores_`` or ``pvalues_`` should be used instead.
- In :class:`LogisticRegression`, :class:`LinearSVC`, :class:`SVC` and
:class:`NuSVC`, the ``class_weight`` parameter is now an initialization
parameter, not a parameter to fit. This makes grid searches
over this parameter possible.
- LFW ``data`` is now always shape ``(n_samples, n_features)`` to be
consistent with the Olivetti faces dataset. Use ``images`` and
``pairs`` attribute to access the natural images shapes instead.
- In :class:`svm.LinearSVC`, the meaning of the ``multi_class`` parameter
changed. Options now are ``'ovr'`` and ``'crammer_singer'``, with
``'ovr'`` being the default. This does not change the default behavior
but hopefully is less confusing.
- Class :class:`feature_selection.text.Vectorizer` is deprecated and
replaced by :class:`feature_selection.text.TfidfVectorizer`.
- The preprocessor / analyzer nested structure for text feature
extraction has been removed. All those features are
now directly passed as flat constructor arguments
to :class:`feature_selection.text.TfidfVectorizer` and
:class:`feature_selection.text.CountVectorizer`, in particular the
following parameters are now used:
- ``analyzer`` can be ``'word'`` or ``'char'`` to switch the default
analysis scheme, or use a specific python callable (as previously).
- ``tokenizer`` and ``preprocessor`` have been introduced to make it
still possible to customize those steps with the new API.
- ``input`` explicitly control how to interpret the sequence passed to
``fit`` and ``predict``: filenames, file objects or direct (byte or
Unicode) strings.
- charset decoding is explicit and strict by default.
- the ``vocabulary``, fitted or not is now stored in the
``vocabulary_`` attribute to be consistent with the project
conventions.
- Class :class:`feature_selection.text.TfidfVectorizer` now derives directly
from :class:`feature_selection.text.CountVectorizer` to make grid
search trivial.
- methods ``rvs`` in :class:`_BaseHMM` module are now deprecated.
``sample`` should be used instead.
- Beam pruning option in :class:`_BaseHMM` module is removed since it is
difficult to be Cythonized. If you are interested, you can look in the
history codes by git.
- The SVMlight format loader now supports files with both zero-based and
one-based column indices, since both occur "in the wild".
- Arguments in class :class:`ShuffleSplit` are now consistent with
:class:`StratifiedShuffleSplit`. Arguments ``test_fraction`` and
``train_fraction`` are deprecated and renamed to ``test_size`` and
``train_size`` and can accept both ``float`` and ``int``.
- Arguments in class :class:`Bootstrap` are now consistent with
:class:`StratifiedShuffleSplit`. Arguments ``n_test`` and
``n_train`` are deprecated and renamed to ``test_size`` and
``train_size`` and can accept both ``float`` and ``int``.
- Argument ``p`` added to classes in :ref:`neighbors` to specify an
arbitrary Minkowski metric for nearest neighbors searches.
People
------
* 282 `Andreas Müller`_
* 239 `Peter Prettenhofer`_
* 198 `Gael Varoquaux`_
* 129 `Olivier Grisel`_
* 114 `Mathieu Blondel`_
* 103 Clay Woolam
* 96 `Lars Buitinck`_
* 88 `Jaques Grobler`_
* 82 `Alexandre Gramfort`_
* 50 `Bertrand Thirion`_
* 42 `Robert Layton`_
* 28 flyingimmidev
* 26 `Jake Vanderplas`_
* 26 Shiqiao Du
* 21 `Satrajit Ghosh`_
* 17 `David Marek`_
* 17 `Gilles Louppe`_
* 14 `Vlad Niculae`_
* 11 Yannick Schwartz
* 10 `Fabian Pedregosa`_
* 9 fcostin
* 7 Nick Wilson
* 5 Adrien Gaidon
* 5 `Nicolas Pinto`_
* 4 `David Warde-Farley`_
* 5 Nelle Varoquaux
* 5 Emmanuelle Gouillart
* 3 Joonas Sillanpää
* 3 Paolo Losi
* 2 Charles McCarthy
* 2 Roy Hyunjin Han
* 2 Scott White
* 2 ibayer
* 1 Brandyn White
* 1 Carlos Scheidegger
* 1 Claire Revillet
* 1 Conrad Lee
* 1 `Edouard Duchesnay`_
* 1 Jan Hendrik Metzen
* 1 Meng Xinfan
* 1 `Rob Zinkov`_
* 1 Shiqiao
* 1 Udi Weinsberg
* 1 Virgile Fritsch
* 1 Xinfan Meng
* 1 Yaroslav Halchenko
* 1 jansoe
* 1 Leon Palafox
.. _changes_0_10:
0.10
====
Changelog
---------
- Python 2.5 compatibility was dropped; the minimum Python version needed
to use scikit-learn is now 2.6.
- :ref:`sparse_inverse_covariance` estimation using the graph Lasso, with
associated cross-validated estimator, by `Gael Varoquaux`_
- New :ref:`Tree <tree>` module by `Brian Holt`_, `Peter Prettenhofer`_,
`Satrajit Ghosh`_ and `Gilles Louppe`_. The module comes with complete
documentation and examples.
- Fixed a bug in the RFE module by `Gilles Louppe`_ (issue #378).
- Fixed a memory leak in in :ref:`svm` module by `Brian Holt`_ (issue #367).
- Faster tests by `Fabian Pedregosa`_ and others.
- Silhouette Coefficient cluster analysis evaluation metric added as
:func:`sklearn.metrics.silhouette_score` by Robert Layton.
- Fixed a bug in :ref:`k_means` in the handling of the ``n_init`` parameter:
the clustering algorithm used to be run ``n_init`` times but the last
solution was retained instead of the best solution by `Olivier Grisel`_.
- Minor refactoring in :ref:`sgd` module; consolidated dense and sparse
predict methods; Enhanced test time performance by converting model
parameters to fortran-style arrays after fitting (only multi-class).
- Adjusted Mutual Information metric added as
:func:`sklearn.metrics.adjusted_mutual_info_score` by Robert Layton.
- Models like SVC/SVR/LinearSVC/LogisticRegression from libsvm/liblinear
now support scaling of C regularization parameter by the number of
samples by `Alexandre Gramfort`_.
- New :ref:`Ensemble Methods <ensemble>` module by `Gilles Louppe`_ and
`Brian Holt`_. The module comes with the random forest algorithm and the
extra-trees method, along with documentation and examples.
- :ref:`outlier_detection`: outlier and novelty detection, by
`Virgile Fritsch`_.
- :ref:`kernel_approximation`: a transform implementing kernel
approximation for fast SGD on non-linear kernels by
`Andreas Müller`_.
- Fixed a bug due to atom swapping in :ref:`OMP` by `Vlad Niculae`_.
- :ref:`SparseCoder` by `Vlad Niculae`_.
- :ref:`mini_batch_kmeans` performance improvements by `Olivier Grisel`_.
- :ref:`k_means` support for sparse matrices by `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Improved documentation for developers and for the :mod:`sklearn.utils`
module, by `Jake Vanderplas`_.
- Vectorized 20newsgroups dataset loader
(:func:`sklearn.datasets.fetch_20newsgroups_vectorized`) by
`Mathieu Blondel`_.
- :ref:`multiclass` by `Lars Buitinck`_.
- Utilities for fast computation of mean and variance for sparse matrices
by `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Make :func:`sklearn.preprocessing.scale` and
:class:`sklearn.preprocessing.Scaler` work on sparse matrices by
`Olivier Grisel`_
- Feature importances using decision trees and/or forest of trees,
by `Gilles Louppe`_.
- Parallel implementation of forests of randomized trees by
`Gilles Louppe`_.
- :class:`sklearn.cross_validation.ShuffleSplit` can subsample the train
sets as well as the test sets by `Olivier Grisel`_.
- Errors in the build of the documentation fixed by `Andreas Müller`_.
API changes summary
-------------------
Here are the code migration instructions when upgrading from scikit-learn
version 0.9:
- Some estimators that may overwrite their inputs to save memory previously
had ``overwrite_`` parameters; these have been replaced with ``copy_``
parameters with exactly the opposite meaning.
This particularly affects some of the estimators in :mod:`linear_model`.
The default behavior is still to copy everything passed in.
- The SVMlight dataset loader :func:`sklearn.datasets.load_svmlight_file` no
longer supports loading two files at once; use ``load_svmlight_files``
instead. Also, the (unused) ``buffer_mb`` parameter is gone.
- Sparse estimators in the :ref:`sgd` module use dense parameter vector
``coef_`` instead of ``sparse_coef_``. This significantly improves
test time performance.
- The :ref:`covariance` module now has a robust estimator of
covariance, the Minimum Covariance Determinant estimator.
- Cluster evaluation metrics in :mod:`metrics.cluster` have been refactored
but the changes are backwards compatible. They have been moved to the
:mod:`metrics.cluster.supervised`, along with
:mod:`metrics.cluster.unsupervised` which contains the Silhouette
Coefficient.
- The ``permutation_test_score`` function now behaves the same way as
``cross_val_score`` (i.e. uses the mean score across the folds.)
- Cross Validation generators now use integer indices (``indices=True``)
by default instead of boolean masks. This make it more intuitive to
use with sparse matrix data.
- The functions used for sparse coding, ``sparse_encode`` and
``sparse_encode_parallel`` have been combined into
:func:`sklearn.decomposition.sparse_encode`, and the shapes of the arrays
have been transposed for consistency with the matrix factorization setting,
as opposed to the regression setting.
- Fixed an off-by-one error in the SVMlight/LibSVM file format handling;
files generated using :func:`sklearn.datasets.dump_svmlight_file` should be
re-generated. (They should continue to work, but accidentally had one
extra column of zeros prepended.)
- ``BaseDictionaryLearning`` class replaced by ``SparseCodingMixin``.
- :func:`sklearn.utils.extmath.fast_svd` has been renamed
:func:`sklearn.utils.extmath.randomized_svd` and the default
oversampling is now fixed to 10 additional random vectors instead
of doubling the number of components to extract. The new behavior
follows the reference paper.
People
------
The following people contributed to scikit-learn since last release:
* 246 `Andreas Müller`_
* 242 `Olivier Grisel`_
* 220 `Gilles Louppe`_
* 183 `Brian Holt`_
* 166 `Gael Varoquaux`_
* 144 `Lars Buitinck`_
* 73 `Vlad Niculae`_
* 65 `Peter Prettenhofer`_
* 64 `Fabian Pedregosa`_
* 60 Robert Layton
* 55 `Mathieu Blondel`_
* 52 `Jake Vanderplas`_
* 44 Noel Dawe
* 38 `Alexandre Gramfort`_
* 24 `Virgile Fritsch`_
* 23 `Satrajit Ghosh`_
* 3 Jan Hendrik Metzen
* 3 Kenneth C. Arnold
* 3 Shiqiao Du
* 3 Tim Sheerman-Chase
* 3 `Yaroslav Halchenko`_
* 2 Bala Subrahmanyam Varanasi
* 2 DraXus
* 2 Michael Eickenberg
* 1 Bogdan Trach
* 1 Félix-Antoine Fortin
* 1 Juan Manuel Caicedo Carvajal
* 1 Nelle Varoquaux
* 1 `Nicolas Pinto`_
* 1 Tiziano Zito
* 1 Xinfan Meng
.. _changes_0_9:
0.9
===
scikit-learn 0.9 was released on September 2011, three months after the 0.8
release and includes the new modules :ref:`manifold`, :ref:`dirichlet_process`
as well as several new algorithms and documentation improvements.
This release also includes the dictionary-learning work developed by
`Vlad Niculae`_ as part of the `Google Summer of Code
<http://code.google.com/soc/>`_ program.
.. |banner1| image:: ./auto_examples/manifold/images/thumb/plot_compare_methods.png
:target: auto_examples/manifold/plot_compare_methods.html
.. |banner2| image:: ./auto_examples/linear_model/images/thumb/plot_omp.png
:target: auto_examples/linear_model/plot_omp.html
.. |banner3| image:: ./auto_examples/decomposition/images/thumb/plot_kernel_pca.png
:target: auto_examples/decomposition/plot_kernel_pca.html
.. |center-div| raw:: html
<div style="text-align: center; margin: 0px 0 -5px 0;">
.. |end-div| raw:: html
</div>
|center-div| |banner2| |banner1| |banner3| |end-div|
Changelog
---------
- New :ref:`manifold` module by `Jake Vanderplas`_ and
`Fabian Pedregosa`_.
- New :ref:`Dirichlet Process <dirichlet_process>` Gaussian Mixture
Model by `Alexandre Passos`_
- :ref:`neighbors` module refactoring by `Jake Vanderplas`_ :
general refactoring, support for sparse matrices in input, speed and
documentation improvements. See the next section for a full list of API
changes.
- Improvements on the :ref:`feature_selection` module by
`Gilles Louppe`_ : refactoring of the RFE classes, documentation
rewrite, increased efficiency and minor API changes.
- :ref:`SparsePCA` by `Vlad Niculae`_, `Gael Varoquaux`_ and
`Alexandre Gramfort`_
- Printing an estimator now behaves independently of architectures
and Python version thanks to Jean Kossaifi.
- :ref:`Loader for libsvm/svmlight format <libsvm_loader>` by
`Mathieu Blondel`_ and `Lars Buitinck`_
- Documentation improvements: thumbnails in
:ref:`example gallery <examples-index>` by `Fabian Pedregosa`_.
- Important bugfixes in :ref:`svm` module (segfaults, bad
performance) by `Fabian Pedregosa`_.
- Added :ref:`multinomial_naive_bayes` and :ref:`bernoulli_naive_bayes`
by `Lars Buitinck`_
- Text feature extraction optimizations by Lars Buitinck
- Chi-Square feature selection
(:func:`feature_selection.univariate_selection.chi2`) by `Lars Buitinck`_.
- :ref:`sample_generators` module refactoring by `Gilles Louppe`_
- :ref:`multiclass` by `Mathieu Blondel`_
- Ball tree rewrite by `Jake Vanderplas`_
- Implementation of :ref:`dbscan` algorithm by Robert Layton
- Kmeans predict and transform by Robert Layton
- Preprocessing module refactoring by `Olivier Grisel`_
- Faster mean shift by Conrad Lee
- New ``Bootstrap``, :ref:`ShuffleSplit` and various other
improvements in cross validation schemes by `Olivier Grisel`_ and
`Gael Varoquaux`_
- Adjusted Rand index and V-Measure clustering evaluation metrics by `Olivier Grisel`_
- Added :class:`Orthogonal Matching Pursuit <linear_model.OrthogonalMatchingPursuit>` by `Vlad Niculae`_
- Added 2D-patch extractor utilities in the :ref:`feature_extraction` module by `Vlad Niculae`_
- Implementation of :class:`linear_model.LassoLarsCV`
(cross-validated Lasso solver using the Lars algorithm) and
:class:`linear_model.LassoLarsIC` (BIC/AIC model
selection in Lars) by `Gael Varoquaux`_
and `Alexandre Gramfort`_
- Scalability improvements to :func:`metrics.roc_curve` by Olivier Hervieu
- Distance helper functions :func:`metrics.pairwise.pairwise_distances`
and :func:`metrics.pairwise.pairwise_kernels` by Robert Layton
- :class:`Mini-Batch K-Means <cluster.MiniBatchKMeans>` by Nelle Varoquaux and Peter Prettenhofer.
- :ref:`mldata` utilities by Pietro Berkes.
- :ref:`olivetti_faces` by `David Warde-Farley`_.
API changes summary
-------------------
Here are the code migration instructions when upgrading from scikit-learn
version 0.8:
- The ``scikits.learn`` package was renamed ``sklearn``. There is
still a ``scikits.learn`` package alias for backward compatibility.
Third-party projects with a dependency on scikit-learn 0.9+ should
upgrade their codebase. For instance under Linux / MacOSX just run
(make a backup first!)::
find -name "*.py" | xargs sed -i 's/\bscikits.learn\b/sklearn/g'
- Estimators no longer accept model parameters as ``fit`` arguments:
instead all parameters must be only be passed as constructor
arguments or using the now public ``set_params`` method inherited
from :class:`base.BaseEstimator`.
Some estimators can still accept keyword arguments on the ``fit``
but this is restricted to data-dependent values (e.g. a Gram matrix
or an affinity matrix that are precomputed from the ``X`` data matrix.
- The ``cross_val`` package has been renamed to ``cross_validation``
although there is also a ``cross_val`` package alias in place for
backward compatibility.
Third-party projects with a dependency on scikit-learn 0.9+ should
upgrade their codebase. For instance under Linux / MacOSX just run
(make a backup first!)::
find -name "*.py" | xargs sed -i 's/\bcross_val\b/cross_validation/g'
- The ``score_func`` argument of the
``sklearn.cross_validation.cross_val_score`` function is now expected
to accept ``y_test`` and ``y_predicted`` as only arguments for
classification and regression tasks or ``X_test`` for unsupervised
estimators.
- ``gamma`` parameter for support vector machine algorithms is set
to ``1 / n_features`` by default, instead of ``1 / n_samples``.
- The ``sklearn.hmm`` has been marked as orphaned: it will be removed
from scikit-learn in version 0.11 unless someone steps up to
contribute documentation, examples and fix lurking numerical
stability issues.
- ``sklearn.neighbors`` has been made into a submodule. The two previously
available estimators, ``NeighborsClassifier`` and ``NeighborsRegressor``
have been marked as deprecated. Their functionality has been divided
among five new classes: ``NearestNeighbors`` for unsupervised neighbors
searches, ``KNeighborsClassifier`` & ``RadiusNeighborsClassifier``
for supervised classification problems, and ``KNeighborsRegressor``
& ``RadiusNeighborsRegressor`` for supervised regression problems.
- ``sklearn.ball_tree.BallTree`` has been moved to
``sklearn.neighbors.BallTree``. Using the former will generate a warning.
- ``sklearn.linear_model.LARS()`` and related classes (LassoLARS,
LassoLARSCV, etc.) have been renamed to
``sklearn.linear_model.Lars()``.
- All distance metrics and kernels in ``sklearn.metrics.pairwise`` now have a Y
parameter, which by default is None. If not given, the result is the distance
(or kernel similarity) between each sample in Y. If given, the result is the
pairwise distance (or kernel similarity) between samples in X to Y.
- ``sklearn.metrics.pairwise.l1_distance`` is now called ``manhattan_distance``,
and by default returns the pairwise distance. For the component wise distance,
set the parameter ``sum_over_features`` to ``False``.
Backward compatibility package aliases and other deprecated classes and
functions will be removed in version 0.11.
People
------
38 people contributed to this release.
- 387 `Vlad Niculae`_
- 320 `Olivier Grisel`_
- 192 `Lars Buitinck`_
- 179 `Gael Varoquaux`_
- 168 `Fabian Pedregosa`_ (`INRIA`_, `Parietal Team`_)
- 127 `Jake Vanderplas`_
- 120 `Mathieu Blondel`_
- 85 `Alexandre Passos`_
- 67 `Alexandre Gramfort`_
- 57 `Peter Prettenhofer`_
- 56 `Gilles Louppe`_
- 42 Robert Layton
- 38 Nelle Varoquaux
- 32 Jean Kossaifi
- 30 Conrad Lee
- 22 Pietro Berkes
- 18 andy
- 17 David Warde-Farley
- 12 Brian Holt
- 11 Robert
- 8 Amit Aides
- 8 `Virgile Fritsch`_
- 7 `Yaroslav Halchenko`_
- 6 Salvatore Masecchia
- 5 Paolo Losi
- 4 Vincent Schut
- 3 Alexis Metaireau
- 3 Bryan Silverthorn
- 3 `Andreas Müller`_
- 2 Minwoo Jake Lee
- 1 Emmanuelle Gouillart
- 1 Keith Goodman
- 1 Lucas Wiman
- 1 `Nicolas Pinto`_
- 1 Thouis (Ray) Jones
- 1 Tim Sheerman-Chase
.. _changes_0_8:
0.8
===
scikit-learn 0.8 was released on May 2011, one month after the first
"international" `scikit-learn coding sprint
<https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/wiki/Upcoming-events>`_ and is
marked by the inclusion of important modules: :ref:`hierarchical_clustering`,
:ref:`cross_decomposition`, :ref:`NMF`, initial support for Python 3 and by important
enhancements and bug fixes.
Changelog
---------
Several new modules where introduced during this release:
- New :ref:`hierarchical_clustering` module by Vincent Michel,
`Bertrand Thirion`_, `Alexandre Gramfort`_ and `Gael Varoquaux`_.
- :ref:`kernel_pca` implementation by `Mathieu Blondel`_
- :ref:`labeled_faces_in_the_wild` by `Olivier Grisel`_.
- New :ref:`cross_decomposition` module by `Edouard Duchesnay`_.
- :ref:`NMF` module `Vlad Niculae`_
- Implementation of the :ref:`oracle_approximating_shrinkage` algorithm by
`Virgile Fritsch`_ in the :ref:`covariance` module.
Some other modules benefited from significant improvements or cleanups.
- Initial support for Python 3: builds and imports cleanly,
some modules are usable while others have failing tests by `Fabian Pedregosa`_.
- :class:`decomposition.PCA` is now usable from the Pipeline object by `Olivier Grisel`_.
- Guide :ref:`performance-howto` by `Olivier Grisel`_.
- Fixes for memory leaks in libsvm bindings, 64-bit safer BallTree by Lars Buitinck.
- bug and style fixing in :ref:`k_means` algorithm by Jan Schlüter.
- Add attribute converged to Gaussian Mixture Models by Vincent Schut.
- Implemented ``transform``, ``predict_log_proba`` in :class:`lda.LDA`
By `Mathieu Blondel`_.
- Refactoring in the :ref:`svm` module and bug fixes by `Fabian Pedregosa`_,
`Gael Varoquaux`_ and Amit Aides.
- Refactored SGD module (removed code duplication, better variable naming),
added interface for sample weight by `Peter Prettenhofer`_.
- Wrapped BallTree with Cython by Thouis (Ray) Jones.
- Added function :func:`svm.l1_min_c` by Paolo Losi.
- Typos, doc style, etc. by `Yaroslav Halchenko`_, `Gael Varoquaux`_,
`Olivier Grisel`_, Yann Malet, `Nicolas Pinto`_, Lars Buitinck and
`Fabian Pedregosa`_.
People
-------
People that made this release possible preceded by number of commits:
- 159 `Olivier Grisel`_
- 96 `Gael Varoquaux`_
- 96 `Vlad Niculae`_
- 94 `Fabian Pedregosa`_
- 36 `Alexandre Gramfort`_
- 32 Paolo Losi
- 31 `Edouard Duchesnay`_
- 30 `Mathieu Blondel`_
- 25 `Peter Prettenhofer`_
- 22 `Nicolas Pinto`_
- 11 `Virgile Fritsch`_
- 7 Lars Buitinck
- 6 Vincent Michel
- 5 `Bertrand Thirion`_
- 4 Thouis (Ray) Jones
- 4 Vincent Schut
- 3 Jan Schlüter
- 2 Julien Miotte
- 2 `Matthieu Perrot`_
- 2 Yann Malet
- 2 `Yaroslav Halchenko`_
- 1 Amit Aides
- 1 `Andreas Müller`_
- 1 Feth Arezki
- 1 Meng Xinfan
.. _changes_0_7:
0.7
===
scikit-learn 0.7 was released in March 2011, roughly three months
after the 0.6 release. This release is marked by the speed
improvements in existing algorithms like k-Nearest Neighbors and
K-Means algorithm and by the inclusion of an efficient algorithm for
computing the Ridge Generalized Cross Validation solution. Unlike the
preceding release, no new modules where added to this release.
Changelog
---------
- Performance improvements for Gaussian Mixture Model sampling [Jan
Schlüter].
- Implementation of efficient leave-one-out cross-validated Ridge in
:class:`linear_model.RidgeCV` [`Mathieu Blondel`_]
- Better handling of collinearity and early stopping in
:func:`linear_model.lars_path` [`Alexandre Gramfort`_ and `Fabian
Pedregosa`_].
- Fixes for liblinear ordering of labels and sign of coefficients
[Dan Yamins, Paolo Losi, `Mathieu Blondel`_ and `Fabian Pedregosa`_].
- Performance improvements for Nearest Neighbors algorithm in
high-dimensional spaces [`Fabian Pedregosa`_].
- Performance improvements for :class:`cluster.KMeans` [`Gael
Varoquaux`_ and `James Bergstra`_].
- Sanity checks for SVM-based classes [`Mathieu Blondel`_].
- Refactoring of :class:`neighbors.NeighborsClassifier` and
:func:`neighbors.kneighbors_graph`: added different algorithms for
the k-Nearest Neighbor Search and implemented a more stable
algorithm for finding barycenter weights. Also added some
developer documentation for this module, see
`notes_neighbors
<https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/wiki/Neighbors-working-notes>`_ for more information [`Fabian Pedregosa`_].
- Documentation improvements: Added :class:`pca.RandomizedPCA` and
:class:`linear_model.LogisticRegression` to the class
reference. Also added references of matrices used for clustering
and other fixes [`Gael Varoquaux`_, `Fabian Pedregosa`_, `Mathieu
Blondel`_, `Olivier Grisel`_, Virgile Fritsch , Emmanuelle
Gouillart]
- Binded decision_function in classes that make use of liblinear_,
dense and sparse variants, like :class:`svm.LinearSVC` or
:class:`linear_model.LogisticRegression` [`Fabian Pedregosa`_].
- Performance and API improvements to
:func:`metrics.euclidean_distances` and to
:class:`pca.RandomizedPCA` [`James Bergstra`_].
- Fix compilation issues under NetBSD [Kamel Ibn Hassen Derouiche]
- Allow input sequences of different lengths in :class:`hmm.GaussianHMM`
[`Ron Weiss`_].
- Fix bug in affinity propagation caused by incorrect indexing [Xinfan Meng]
People
------
People that made this release possible preceded by number of commits:
- 85 `Fabian Pedregosa`_
- 67 `Mathieu Blondel`_
- 20 `Alexandre Gramfort`_
- 19 `James Bergstra`_
- 14 Dan Yamins
- 13 `Olivier Grisel`_
- 12 `Gael Varoquaux`_
- 4 `Edouard Duchesnay`_
- 4 `Ron Weiss`_
- 2 Satrajit Ghosh
- 2 Vincent Dubourg
- 1 Emmanuelle Gouillart
- 1 Kamel Ibn Hassen Derouiche
- 1 Paolo Losi
- 1 VirgileFritsch
- 1 `Yaroslav Halchenko`_
- 1 Xinfan Meng
.. _changes_0_6:
0.6
===
scikit-learn 0.6 was released on December 2010. It is marked by the
inclusion of several new modules and a general renaming of old
ones. It is also marked by the inclusion of new example, including
applications to real-world datasets.
Changelog
---------
- New `stochastic gradient
<http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/sgd.html>`_ descent
module by Peter Prettenhofer. The module comes with complete
documentation and examples.
- Improved svm module: memory consumption has been reduced by 50%,
heuristic to automatically set class weights, possibility to
assign weights to samples (see
:ref:`example_svm_plot_weighted_samples.py` for an example).
- New :ref:`gaussian_process` module by Vincent Dubourg. This module
also has great documentation and some very neat examples. See
:ref:`example_gaussian_process_plot_gp_regression.py` or
:ref:`example_gaussian_process_plot_gp_probabilistic_classification_after_regression.py`
for a taste of what can be done.
- It is now possible to use liblinear’s Multi-class SVC (option
multi_class in :class:`svm.LinearSVC`)
- New features and performance improvements of text feature
extraction.
- Improved sparse matrix support, both in main classes
(:class:`grid_search.GridSearchCV`) as in modules
sklearn.svm.sparse and sklearn.linear_model.sparse.
- Lots of cool new examples and a new section that uses real-world
datasets was created. These include:
:ref:`example_applications_face_recognition.py`,
:ref:`example_applications_plot_species_distribution_modeling.py`,
:ref:`example_applications_svm_gui.py`,
:ref:`example_applications_wikipedia_principal_eigenvector.py` and
others.
- Faster :ref:`least_angle_regression` algorithm. It is now 2x
faster than the R version on worst case and up to 10x times faster
on some cases.
- Faster coordinate descent algorithm. In particular, the full path
version of lasso (:func:`linear_model.lasso_path`) is more than
200x times faster than before.
- It is now possible to get probability estimates from a
:class:`linear_model.LogisticRegression` model.
- module renaming: the glm module has been renamed to linear_model,
the gmm module has been included into the more general mixture
model and the sgd module has been included in linear_model.
- Lots of bug fixes and documentation improvements.
People
------
People that made this release possible preceded by number of commits:
* 207 `Olivier Grisel`_
* 167 `Fabian Pedregosa`_
* 97 `Peter Prettenhofer`_
* 68 `Alexandre Gramfort`_
* 59 `Mathieu Blondel`_
* 55 `Gael Varoquaux`_
* 33 Vincent Dubourg
* 21 `Ron Weiss <http://www.ee.columbia.edu/~ronw/>`_
* 9 Bertrand Thirion
* 3 `Alexandre Passos`_
* 3 Anne-Laure Fouque
* 2 Ronan Amicel
* 1 `Christian Osendorfer`_
.. _changes_0_5:
0.5
===
Changelog
---------
New classes
-----------
- Support for sparse matrices in some classifiers of modules
``svm`` and ``linear_model`` (see :class:`svm.sparse.SVC`,
:class:`svm.sparse.SVR`, :class:`svm.sparse.LinearSVC`,
:class:`linear_model.sparse.Lasso`, :class:`linear_model.sparse.ElasticNet`)
- New :class:`pipeline.Pipeline` object to compose different estimators.
- Recursive Feature Elimination routines in module
:ref:`feature_selection`.
- Addition of various classes capable of cross validation in the
linear_model module (:class:`linear_model.LassoCV`, :class:`linear_model.ElasticNetCV`,
etc.).
- New, more efficient LARS algorithm implementation. The Lasso
variant of the algorithm is also implemented. See
:class:`linear_model.lars_path`, :class:`linear_model.Lars` and
:class:`linear_model.LassoLars`.
- New Hidden Markov Models module (see classes
:class:`hmm.GaussianHMM`, :class:`hmm.MultinomialHMM`,
:class:`hmm.GMMHMM`)
- New module feature_extraction (see :ref:`class reference
<feature_extraction_ref>`)
- New FastICA algorithm in module sklearn.fastica
Documentation
-------------
- Improved documentation for many modules, now separating
narrative documentation from the class reference. As an example,
see `documentation for the SVM module
<http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/svm.html>`_ and the
complete `class reference
<http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html>`_.
Fixes
-----
- API changes: adhere variable names to PEP-8, give more
meaningful names.
- Fixes for svm module to run on a shared memory context
(multiprocessing).
- It is again possible to generate latex (and thus PDF) from the
sphinx docs.
Examples
--------
- new examples using some of the mlcomp datasets:
``example_mlcomp_sparse_document_classification.py`` (since removed) and
:ref:`example_text_document_classification_20newsgroups.py`
- Many more examples. `See here
<http://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/index.html>`_
the full list of examples.
External dependencies
---------------------
- Joblib is now a dependency of this package, although it is
shipped with (sklearn.externals.joblib).
Removed modules
---------------
- Module ann (Artificial Neural Networks) has been removed from
the distribution. Users wanting this sort of algorithms should
take a look into pybrain.
Misc
----
- New sphinx theme for the web page.
Authors
-------
The following is a list of authors for this release, preceded by
number of commits:
* 262 Fabian Pedregosa
* 240 Gael Varoquaux
* 149 Alexandre Gramfort
* 116 Olivier Grisel
* 40 Vincent Michel
* 38 Ron Weiss
* 23 Matthieu Perrot
* 10 Bertrand Thirion
* 7 Yaroslav Halchenko
* 9 VirgileFritsch
* 6 Edouard Duchesnay
* 4 Mathieu Blondel
* 1 Ariel Rokem
* 1 Matthieu Brucher
0.4
===
Changelog
---------
Major changes in this release include:
- Coordinate Descent algorithm (Lasso, ElasticNet) refactoring &
speed improvements (roughly 100x times faster).
- Coordinate Descent Refactoring (and bug fixing) for consistency
with R's package GLMNET.
- New metrics module.
- New GMM module contributed by Ron Weiss.
- Implementation of the LARS algorithm (without Lasso variant for now).
- feature_selection module redesign.
- Migration to GIT as version control system.
- Removal of obsolete attrselect module.
- Rename of private compiled extensions (added underscore).
- Removal of legacy unmaintained code.
- Documentation improvements (both docstring and rst).
- Improvement of the build system to (optionally) link with MKL.
Also, provide a lite BLAS implementation in case no system-wide BLAS is
found.
- Lots of new examples.
- Many, many bug fixes ...
Authors
-------
The committer list for this release is the following (preceded by number
of commits):
* 143 Fabian Pedregosa
* 35 Alexandre Gramfort
* 34 Olivier Grisel
* 11 Gael Varoquaux
* 5 Yaroslav Halchenko
* 2 Vincent Michel
* 1 Chris Filo Gorgolewski
Earlier versions
================
Earlier versions included contributions by Fred Mailhot, David Cooke,
David Huard, Dave Morrill, Ed Schofield, Travis Oliphant, Pearu Peterson.
.. _Olivier Grisel: http://twitter.com/ogrisel
.. _Gael Varoquaux: http://gael-varoquaux.info
.. _Alexandre Gramfort: http://alexandre.gramfort.net
.. _Fabian Pedregosa: http://fseoane.net/blog/
.. _Mathieu Blondel: http://www.mblondel.org
.. _James Bergstra: http://www-etud.iro.umontreal.ca/~bergstrj/
.. _liblinear: http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/liblinear/
.. _Yaroslav Halchenko: http://www.onerussian.com/
.. _Vlad Niculae: http://vene.ro
.. _Edouard Duchesnay: http://www.lnao.fr/spip.php?rubrique30
.. _Peter Prettenhofer: http://sites.google.com/site/peterprettenhofer/
.. _Alexandre Passos: <http://atpassos.posterous.com>
.. _Nicolas Pinto: http://pinto.scripts.mit.edu/
.. _Virgile Fritsch: http://parietal.saclay.inria.fr/Members/virgile-fritsch
.. _Bertrand Thirion: http://parietal.saclay.inria.fr/Members/bertrand-thirion
.. _Andreas Müller: http://peekaboo-vision.blogspot.com
.. _Matthieu Perrot: http://www.lnao.fr/spip.php?rubrique19
.. _Jake Vanderplas: http://www.astro.washington.edu/users/vanderplas/
.. _Gilles Louppe: http://www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/~glouppe/
.. _INRIA: http://inria.fr
.. _Parietal Team: http://parietal.saclay.inria.fr/
.. _Lars Buitinck: https://github.com/larsmans
.. _David Warde-Farley: http://www-etud.iro.umontreal.ca/~wardefar/
.. _Brian Holt: http://info.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/B.Holt/
.. _Satrajit Ghosh: http://www.mit.edu/~satra/
.. _Robert Layton: http://www.twitter.com/robertlayton
.. _Scott White: http://twitter.com/scottblanc
.. _Jaques Grobler: https://github.com/jaquesgrobler/scikit-learn/wiki/Jaques-Grobler
.. _David Marek: http://www.davidmarek.cz/
.. _@kernc: http://github.com/kernc
.. _Christian Osendorfer: http://osdf.github.com
.. _Noel Dawe: http://noel.dawe.me
.. _Arnaud Joly: http://www.ajoly.org
.. _Rob Zinkov: http://zinkov.com
.. _Martin Luessi: https://github.com/mluessi
.. _Joel Nothman: http://joelnothman.com
.. _Norbert Crombach: https://github.com/norbert
.. _Eustache Diemert: https://github.com/oddskool
.. _Justin Vincent: https://github.com/justinvf
.. _Denis Engemann: https://github.com/dengemann
.. _Nicolas Trésegnie : http://nicolastr.com/
.. _Kemal Eren: http://www.kemaleren.com
.. _Yann Dauphin: http://ynd.github.io/
.. _Nelle Varoquaux: https://github.com/nellev
.. _Subhodeep Moitra: https://github.com/smoitra87
.. _Yannick Schwartz: https://team.inria.fr/parietal/schwarty/
.. _Mikhail Korobov: http://kmike.ru/pages/about/
.. _Kyle Kastner: http://kastnerkyle.github.io
.. _@FedericoV: https://github.com/FedericoV/
.. _Daniel Nouri: http://danielnouri.org
.. _Johannes Schönberger: https://github.com/ahojnnes
.. _Manoj Kumar: https://manojbits.wordpress.com
.. _Maheshakya Wijewardena: https://github.com/maheshakya
.. _Danny Sullivan: https://github.com/dsullivan7
.. _Michael Eickenberg: https://github.com/eickenberg
.. _Jeffrey Blackburne: https://github.com/jblackburne
.. _Hamzeh Alsalhi: https://github.com/hamsal
.. _Ronald Phlypo: https://github.com/rphlypo
.. _Laurent Direr: https://github.com/ldirer
.. _Nikolay Mayorov: https://github.com/nmayorov
.. _Jatin Shah: http://jatinshah.org/
.. _Dougal Sutherland: https://github.com/dougalsutherland
.. _Michal Romaniuk: https://github.com/romaniukm
.. _Ian Gilmore: https://github.com/agileminor
.. _Aaron Staple: https://github.com/staple
.. _Luis Pedro Coelho: http://luispedro.org
.. _Florian Wilhelm: https://github.com/FlorianWilhelm
.. _Fares Hedyati: https://github.com/fareshedyati
.. _Matt Pico: https://github.com/MattpSoftware
.. _Matt Terry: https://github.com/mrterry
.. _Antony Lee: https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~antonyl/
.. _Clemens Brunner: https://github.com/cle1109
.. _Martin Billinger: https://github.com/kazemakase
.. _Matteo Visconti di Oleggio Castello: http://www.mvdoc.me
.. _Raghav R V: https://github.com/ragv
.. _Trevor Stephens: http://trevorstephens.com/
.. _Jan Hendrik Metzen: https://jmetzen.github.io/
.. _Cathy Deng: https://github.com/cathydeng
.. _Will Dawson: http://dawsonresearch.com
.. _Balazs Kegl: https://github.com/kegl
.. _Andrew Tulloch: http://tullo.ch/
.. _Alexis Mignon: https://github.com/AlexisMignon
.. _Hasil Sharma: https://github.com/Hasil-Sharma
.. _Hanna Wallach: http://dirichlet.net/
.. _Yan Yi: http://www.seowyanyi.org
.. _Kyle Beauchamp: https://github.com/kyleabeauchamp
.. _Hervé Bredin: http://herve.niderb.fr/
.. _Erich Schubert: https://github.com/kno10
.. _Dan Blanchard: https://github.com/dan-blanchard
.. _Eric Martin: http://ericmart.in
.. _Nicolas Goix: https://webperso.telecom-paristech.fr/front/frontoffice.php?SP_ID=241
.. _Cory Lorenz: https://github.com/clorenz7
.. _Tim Head: https://github.com/betatim
.. _Tom Dupre la Tour: https://github.com/TomDLT
.. _Sebastian Raschka: http://sebastianraschka.com
.. _Thomas Unterthiner: https://github.com/untom